The free-market innovation machine : analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism

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The free-market innovation machine : analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism

William J. Baumol

Princeton University Press, 2004

  • : pbk

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注記

Bibliography: p. 299-306

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Why has capitalism produced economic growth that so vastly dwarfs the growth record of other economic systems, past and present? Why have living standards in countries from America to Germany to Japan risen exponentially over the past century? William Baumol rejects the conventional view that capitalism benefits society through price competition--that is, products and services become less costly as firms vie for consumers. Where most others have seen this as the driving force behind growth, he sees something different--a compound of systematic innovation activity within the firm, an arms race in which no firm in an innovating industry dares to fall behind the others in new products and processes, and inter-firm collaboration in the creation and use of innovations. While giving price competition due credit, Baumol stresses that large firms use innovation as a prime competitive weapon. However, as he explains it, firms do not wish to risk too much innovation, because it is costly, and can be made obsolete by rival innovation. So firms have split the difference through the sale of technology licenses and participation in technology-sharing compacts that pay huge dividends to the economy as a whole--and thereby made innovation a routine feature of economic life. This process, in Baumol's view, accounts for the unparalleled growth of modern capitalist economies. Drawing on extensive research and years of consulting work for many large global firms, Baumol shows in this original work that the capitalist growth process, at least in societies where the rule of law prevails, comes far closer to the requirements of economic efficiency than is typically understood. Resounding with rare intellectual force, this book marks a milestone in the comprehension of the accomplishments of our free-market economic system--a new understanding that, suggests the author, promises to benefit many countries that lack the advantages of this immense innovation machine.

目次

Preface vii CHAPTER 1: Introduction: The Engine of Free-Market Growth 1 PART I: THE CAPITALIST GROWTH MECHANISM CHAPTER 2: The "Somewhat Optimal" Attributes of Capitalist Growth: Oligopolistic Competition and Routinization of Innovation 19 CHAPTER 3: Oligopolistic Rivalry and Routinization to Reduce Uncertainty 30 CHAPTER 4: Oligopolistic Rivalry and Routine Innovation Spending: Theory of the Engine of Unprecedented Capitalist Growth 43 CHAPTER 5: Independent Innovation in History: Productive Entrepreneurship and the Rule of Law 55 CHAPTER 6: Voluntary Dissemination of Proprietary Technology: Private Profit, Social Gain 73 CHAPTER 7: Oligopolistic Rivalry and Markets for Technology Trading 93 CHAPTER 8: Tradeoff: Innovation Incentives versus Benefits to Others (Distributive Externalities) 120 PART II: INTEGRATION OF INNOVATION INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF MICROTHEORY CHAPTER 9: Oligopolistic Competition, Pricing, and Recoupment of Innovation Outlays 151 CHAPTER 10: Microeconomic Theory of Industrial Organization in the "Innovation-Machine" Economy 161 CHAPTER 11: Recouping Innovation Outlays and Pricing Its Products: Continued 183 CHAPTER 12: Models of Optimal Timing of Innovation 199 CHAPTER 13: Licensing for Profit: Efficiency Implications 215 PART III: ON THE MACRODYNAMICS OF CAPITALISM CHAPTER 14: Capitalism's Unique Innovation Machine: Historical Evidence 245 CHAPTER 15: Macroeconomic Models and Relationships That May Limit Growth 262 CHAPTER 16: Feedback: Innovation as a Self-Nourishing Process 284 Bibliography 299 Index 307

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