Writing arguments : a rhetoric with readings

著者

• Ramage, John D.
• Bean, John C.
• Johnson, June

書誌事項

Writing arguments : a rhetoric with readings

John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, June Johnson

Pearson Longman, c2007

7th ed

注記

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The market-leading guide to arguments, Writing Arguments has proven highly successful in teaching readers to read arguments critically and to produce effective arguments of their own.

目次

• I. OVERVIEW OF ARGUMENT. 1. Argument: An Introduction What Do We Mean by Argument? Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est The Defining Features of Argument Argument and the Problem of Truth A Successful Process of Argumentation: The Well-Functioning Committee Gordon Adams, Petition to Waive the University Math Requirement (student essay) 2. Reading Arguments Why Reading Arguments Is Important for Writers Strategy 1: Reading as a Believer Lisa Turner, Playing with Our Food Summary Writing as a Way of Reading to Believe Strategy 2: Reading as a Doubter Strategy 3: Exploring How Rhetorical Context and Genre Shape the Argument Strategy 4: Seeking Out Alternative Views and Analyzing Sources of Disagreement Council for Biotechnology Information, Biotech Labeling: Why Biotech Labeling Can Confuse Consumers An Analysis of the Sources of Disagreement between Lisa Turner and the Council for Biotechnology Information Strategy 5: Using Disagreement Productively to Prompt Further Investigation 3. Writing Arguments Who Writes Arguments and Why? Tips for Improving Your Writing Process Using Exploratory Writing to Discover Ideas and Deepen Thinking Shaping Your Argument: Classical Argument as a Planning Tool Discovering Ideas: Two Sets of Exploratory Writing Tasks Writing Assignments for Chapters 1-3 II. PRINCIPLES OF ARGUMENT 4. The Core of an Argument: A Claim with Reasons The Rhetorical Triangle Issue Questions as the Origins of Argument Difference between a Genuine Argument and a Pseudo-Argument Frame of an Argument: A Claim Supported by Reasons Application of This Chapter's Principles to Your Own Writing Application of This Chapter's Principles to the Reading of Arguments 5. The Logical Structure of Arguments An Overview of Logos: What Do We Mean by the "Logical Structure" of an Argument? Adopting a Language for Describing Arguments: The Toulmin System Using Toulmin's Schema to Determine a Strategy of Support The Power of Audience-Based Reasons 6. Using Evidence Effectively General Principles for the Persuasive Use of Data Rhetorical Understanding of Evidence Gathering Evidence Writing Assignments for Chapters 4-6 David Langley, "Half-Criminals" or Urban Athletes? A Plea for Fair Treatment of Skateboarders (student essay) 7. Moving Your Audience: Ethos, Pathos, and Kairos Ethos and Pathos as Persuasive Appeals: An Overview How to Create an Effective Ethos: The Appeal to Credibility How to Create Pathos: The Appeal to Beliefs and Emotions Using Images for Emotional Appeal Kairos: The Timeliness and Fitness of Arguments 8. Accommodating Your Audience: Treating Differing Views One-Sided, Multi-Sided, and Dialogic Arguments Determining Your Audience's Resistance to Your Views Appealing to a Supportive Audience: One-Sided Argument Appealing to a Neutral or Undecided Audience: Classical Argument Marybeth Hamilton, from First Place: A Healing School for Homeless Children (student essay) Appealing to a Resistant Audience: Dialogic Argument Ellen Goodman, Minneapolis Pornography Ordinance Rebekah Taylor, A Letter to Jim (student essay) Writing Assignments for Chapters 7 and 8 9. Conducting Visual Arguments Understanding Design Elements in Visual Argument Drug Enforcement Administration, A Single Hit of Ecstasy (advocacy advertisement) The Compositional Features of Photographs and Drawings The Genres of Visual Argument Constructing Your Own Visual Argument Leah Johnson, Drink and Then Drive? Jeopardize My Future? (student poster) Using Information Graphics in Arguments Incorporating Graphics into Your Argument Writing Assignments for Chapter 9 III. ARGUMENTS IN DEPTH: SIX TYPES OF CLAIMS 10. An Introduction to the Types of Claims An Overview of the Types of Claims How Knowledge of Claim Types Will Help You Focus an Argument and Generate Ideas Hybrid Arguments: How Claim Types Work Together in Arguments *Aaron Friedman, All That Noise for Nothing 11. Categorical and Definition Arguments: X Is (Is Not) a Y An Overview of Categorical Arguments Simple Categorical Arguments An Overview of Definitional Arguments The Criteria-Match Structure of Definitional Arguments Conceptual Problems of Definition Kinds of Definitions Strategies for Defining the Contested Term in a Definitional Argument Conducting the Match Part of a Definitional Argument Writing a Definitional Argument Writing Assignment for Chapter 11 Questioning and Critiquing a Definitional Argument Readings *Mike Adams, Experiment Shows Medical Doctors to Be Glorified Drug Dealers, Easily Manipulated by Drug Companies Kathy Sullivan, Oncore, Obscenity, and the Liquor Control Board (student essay) Charles Krauthammer, This Isn't a Legal Matter, This Is War *Eugene Volokh, You Can Blog, But You Can't Hide 12. Causal Arguments: X Causes (Does Not Cause) Y An Overview of Causal Argument. The Nature of Causal Arguing Describing a Causal Argument in Toulmin Terms Three Methods for Arguing That One Event Causes Another Glossary of Terms Encountered in Causal Arguments Writing Your Causal Argument Writing Assignment for Chapter 12 Questioning and Critiquing a Causal Argument Readings Daeha Ko, The Monster That Is High School (student essay) United Way, Kids Who Do Not Participate... (advocacy advertisement) *Olivia Judson, Different but (Probably) Equal *Carlos Macios, The Credit Card Company Made Me Do It! (student writer) 13. Resemblance Arguments: X Is (Is Not) Like Y An Overview of Resemblance Arguments Arguments by Analogy Arguments by Precedent Writing a Resemblance Argument Writing Assignment for Chapter 13 Questioning and Critiquing a Resemblance Argument Readings Megan Matthews, Whales Need Silence (student essay) *Matthew Miller, It Shouldn't Take a Disaster to Help America's Blameless Sven Van Assche, Knock! Knock! (political cartoon) Susan Brownmiller, from Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape 14. Evaluation and Ethical Arguments: X Is (Is Not) a Good Y
• X is Right (Wrong) An Overview of Evaluation Arguments Criteria-Match Structure of Evaluation Arguments Conducting a Categorical Evaluation Argument An Overview of Ethical Arguments Two Major Ethical Systems Conducting an Ethical Argument Common Problems in Making Evaluation Arguments Writing an Evaluation Argument Writing Assignment for Chapter 14 Questioning and Critiquing an Evaluation Argument Readings Sam Isaacson, Would Legalization of Gay Marriage Be Good for the Gay Community? (student essay) Tiffany Anderson, A Woman's View of Hip Hop (student essay) *Mike Luckovich, The Military's Raising the Enlistment Age (political cartoon) *Geoffrey Johnson, Marking Earth Day Inc. *David Holcberg, Human Organs for Sale? 15. Proposal Arguments: "We Should (Should Not) Do X" An Overview of Proposal Arguments The Structure of Proposal Arguments Special Concerns for Proposal Arguments Developing a Proposal Argument Proposal Arguments as Advocacy Posters or Advertisements Using the Claim-Type Strategy to Develop a Proposal Argument Using the "Stock Issues" Strategy to Develop a Proposal Argument Writing a Proposal Argument Writing Assignment for Chapter 15 Questioning and Critiquing a Proposal Argument Readings Laurel Wilson, A Proposal to Provide Tips for Hosts at Stone's End (student essay) Mark Bonicillo, A Proposal for Universal Health Insurance in the United States (MLA-style student research paper) *Center for Children's Health and the Environment, More Kids Are Getting Brain Cancer. Why? (advocacy advertisement) *Maia Szalavitz, Let a Thousand Licensed Poppies Bloom IV. THE RESEARCHED ARGUMENT 16. Finding and Evaluating Sources Formulating a Research Question Understanding Differences in the Kinds of Sources Finding Books: Searching Your Library's Online Catalog Finding Print Articles: Searching a Licensed Database Finding Cyberspace Sources: Searching the World Wide Web Reading Your Sources Rhetorically Taking Effective Notes Evaluating Sources Understanding the Rhetoric of Web Sites National Resources Defense Council, Spread of Active Sonar Threatens Whales. (web page) 17. Using, Citing, and Documenting Sources Using Sources for Your Own Purposes Creating Rhetorically Effective Attributive Tags Working Sources into Your Own Prose Avoiding Plagiarism Understanding Parenthetical Citation Systems with Bibliographies Understanding MLA Style Understanding APA Style Megan Matthews, Sounding the Alarm: Navy Sonar and the Survival of Whales (student research paper) APPENDICES Appendix 1: Informal Fallacies The Problem of Conclusiveness in an Argument An Overview of Informal Fallacies Fallacies of Pathos Fallacies of Ethos Fallacies of Logos Appendix 2: The Writing Community: Working in Groups From Conflict to Consensus: How to Get the Most Out of the Writing Community Forming Writing Communities: Skills and Roles Group Project: Holding a "Norming Session" to Define "Good Argumentative Writing" Bloody Ice RSS Should Not Provide Dorm Room Carpets Sterling Hall Dorm Food ROTC Courses Should Not Get College Credit Legalization of Prostitution A Classroom Debate V. AN ANTHOLOGY OF ARGUMENTS An Overview of the Anthology Guide Questions for the Analysis and Evaluation of Arguments Finding Soldiers: The Volunteer Army, Recruitment, and the Draft *Donald Rumsfeld, New Model Army *Philip Carter and Paul Gastris, The Case for the Draft *Anna Quindlen, Uncle Sam and Aunt Samantha *Tim Dickinson, The Return of the Draft *Louis Caldera, Military Service *Weapons of Mass Instruction (advertisement) *Kathryn Roth-Douquet, Military Service Can Open the Eyes of Country's Elite *Matt Carmody, I Need You (political cartoon) *David L. Englin, Military Misconceptions Responses to Terrorism: Public Safety and Civil Liberties John Ashcroft, Testimony to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary *Deborah Pearlstein, Rights in an Insecure World *Michelle Malkin, Racial Profiling: A Matter of Survival *Wayne Stayskal, Civil Liberties Groups Resist Government (political cartoon) *Patricia J. Williams, To See or Not to See *Arsalan Iftikhar, Losing Liberties *Michael Levine, The Case for Torture *McQ, Situational Ethics and the Arguments for Torture The United States as Sole Superpower George W. Bush, Graduation Speech at West Point Richard Falk, The New Bush Doctrine. John J. Miller, Our 'Next Manifest Destiny' *Michael Krepon, Weapons in Heaven: A Radical and Reckless Option *Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space, Keep Space for Peace (poster) *Samuel Huntington, The Great American Myth Environmental Friendliness Versus Market Freedom: The Case of the Sport Utility Vehicle John Bragg, "The American Dream: Why Environmentalists Attack the SUV" Henry Payne and Diane Katz, "Gas and Gasbags...or, the Open Road and Its Enemies Keith Bradsher, "Gimme an SUV-ASAP: Teenagers Are the Next Big Market for Sport-Utility Vehicles-and the Consequences Could Be Deadly" *SUV.org, "Environmental Double Standards For Sport Utility Vehicles" *Arianna Huffington, "Road Outrage: How Corporate Greed and Political Corruption Paved the Way for the SUV Explosion" *Paul Roberts, "Running Out of Oil-and Time" *Thomas L. Friedman, "As Toyota Goes..." *Khalil Bendib, "Oil and War" (political cartoon) Wal-Mart and the Public Good *Floyd J. McKay, "Wal-Mart Nation: The Race to the Bottom" *Robert B. Reich, "Don't Blame Wal-Mart" *Liza Featherstone, "Down and Out in Discount America" *Pankaj Ghemawat and Ken A. Mark, "The Price is Right" *New York Times, "The Wal-Martization of America" *Steve Maich, "Why Wal-Mart Is Good" *David Horsey, "A New World to Conquer" (political cartoon) Biotech Agriculture and the Ethics of Food Production *Jonathan Rauch, "Will Frankenfood Save the Planet?" Miguel A. Altieri and Peter Rosset, "Ten Reasons Why Biotechnology Will Not Ensure Food Security, Protect the Environment, and Reduce Poverty in the Developing World" *"Monsantoland" (poster) Gregory A. Jaffe, "Lessen the Fear of Genetically Engineered Crops" Froma Harrup, "Food Industry Should Modify Its Stance on Altered Food" Sustainusa.org, "What Is the FDA Trying to Feed Us?" (poster) *Gerald D. Coleman, "Is Genetic Engineering the Answer to Hunger?" The Cultural Debate on Stem Cell Research and Cloning Richard Hayes, "It's Worth Copying Canada's Model for Cloning Legislation" Robert A. Weinberg, "Of Clones and Clowns" Judith Levine, "What Human Genetic Modification Means for Women" *Jean Swenson, "Embryonic Stem Cell Fairy Tales" *Mario M. Cuomo, "Not on Faith Alone" Mona Charen, "Stem Cell Simplicities" *Charles Krauthammer, "Expand Stem Cells Ethically" In Search of Perfection: Steroids, Bionic Athletes, and Designer Children *Michael Dillingham, "Steroids, Sports, and the Ethics of Winning" *Rick Collins, "Steroids and Sports: A Provocative Interview with Norm Fost, M.D." *Ellis Cashmore, "Doping Scandal: Stop Testing and Legalize All Drugs" *Carl Elliott, "This Is Your Country on Drugs" *William Saletan, "The Beam in Your Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't LASIK?" *George Neumayr, "The New Eugenics" *Michael J. Sandel, "What's Wrong with Enhancement" Marriage and Family in the New Millennium Patrick Fagan and Jennifer Garrett, Restoring a Culture of Marriage: Good News for Policymakers from the Fragile Families Survey Alternatives to Marriage Project, Statement Regarding Hearing on Welfare and Marriage Issues Andrew Sullivan, Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Case for Gay Marriage *Jeff Kemp and Harvey Drake, Jr., "Marriage Still Matters to Washington's Children" *Froma Harrop "Gay, Straight: What's the Deal?" Hila Colman, "Who Needs a Husband?" *Myrna Blyth, "The Hearth Defended: A Review of Home-Alone America: The Hidden Toll of Day Care, Wonder Drugs, and Other Parent Substitutes by Mary Eberstadt" *Lynne K. Varner, "Moms on the Front Lines of America's Culture Wars" The Media and Public Responsibility: What Counts as News and Who Decides? *Sydney H. Schanberg, "Not a Pretty Picture" *Floyd J. McKay, "Digital Technology in the Age of Terror" *Mark Bowden, "News Judgment and Jihad" *Daniel Okrent, "No Picture Tells the Truth. The Best Do Better than That" *William Powers, "The Massless Media" *Amy Goodman and David Goodman "Why Media Ownership Matters: The More You Watch, the Less You Know" *Jack Rosenthal, "What to Do When News Grows Old Before Its Time" *Amotz Asa-El, "Too Narrow a Focus" Gender and Technology in Advertising Haloid Xerox, This is Automatic Xerography? FedEx Express, Like Magellan, Grady Has Pioneered a Global Network FedEx Express, Maria Hates Computers Technology Review, Try MIT's Magazine of Innovation Siemens Corporation, Spacious Corner Office, Redefined Internet Controversies: Blogs, Hate Sites, and Spam *Daniel W. Drezner and Henry Farrell, "Web of Influence" *Nicholas D. Kristof, "Death by a Thousand Blogs" *Jeff Chu, "You Wanna Take This Online?" *Adey Bryant, "Sarah, It's That Bloke . . ." (political cartoon) Kenneth Lake, "Hate Speech Conviction Outlaws Email" Lawrence J. Magid, "Internet's Hate Sites Can Be Hidden, but They Can't Be Ignored" *Sarah Gordon, "Distributing Viruses" Credits Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BA82419294
• ISBN:
  • 032136466X
• LCCN: 2005055229
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: New York ; Tokyo
• ページ数/冊数: xlvii, 758 p., [8] p. of plates
• 大きさ: 23 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : PE1431
  • DC22 : 808/.0427
• 件名:
  • LCSH : English language -- Rhetoric
  • LCSH : Persuasion (Rhetoric)
  • LCSH : College readers
  • LCSH : Report writing