Fallen nature, fallen selves
著者
書誌事項
Fallen nature, fallen selves
（Early modern French thought, 2）
Oxford University Press, 2006
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注記
"This is a companion volume to ... Early modern French thought : the age of suspicion (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2003)" -- p. [vii]
Includes bibliographical references (p. [405]-420) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
From the late sixteenth to the late seventeenth centuries, French writing is especially concerned with analysing human nature. The ancient ethical vision of man's nature and goal (we achieve fulfilment by living our lives according to reason, the highest and noblest element of our nature) survives, even, to some extent, in Descartes. But it is put into question especially by the revival of St Augustine's thought, which focuses on the contradictions and disorders of
human desires and aspirations. Analyses of behaviour display a powerful suspicion of appearances. Human beings are increasingly seen as motivated by self-love: they are driven by the desire for their own advantage, and take a narcissistic delight in their own image. Moral and religious writers
re-emphasize the traditional imperative of self-knowledge, but in such a way as to suggest the difficulties of knowing oneself. Operating with the Cartesian distinction between mind and body, they emphasize the imperceptible influence of bodily processes on our thought and attitudes. They analyse human beings' ignorance (due to self-love) of their own motives and qualities, and the illusions under which they live their lives. Their critique of human behaviour is no less searching than that of
writers who have broken with traditional religious morality, such as Hobbes and Spinoza. A wide range of authors is studied, some well-known, others much less so: the abstract and general analyses of philosophers and theologians (Descartes, Jansenius, Malebranche) are juxtaposed with the less
systematic and more concrete investigations of writers like Montaigne and La Rochefoucauld, not to mention the theatre of Corneille, Moliere, and Racine.
目次
- PART ONE: HUMAN NATURE
- PART TWO: SELF-LOVE AND CONCUPISCENCE
- PART THREE: PROBLEMS OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE
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