Quantum nanoelectronics : an introduction to electronic nanotechnology and quantum computing
著者
書誌事項
Quantum nanoelectronics : an introduction to electronic nanotechnology and quantum computing
（Physics textbook）
Wiley-VCH, c2009
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Here, the experienced author, Ed Wolf, introduces the current situation and presents a guide to the new possibilities for computing technology. This textbook is the first to handle those important areas not covered in existing books on nanoelectronics, such as quantum computing and alternative energy technology. Intended to be self-contained for students with two years of calculus-based college physics, with corresponding fundamental knowledge in mathematics, computing and chemistry. Cover graphics: Arindam Bandyopadhyay
目次
Preface XV 1 Introduction and Review of Electronic Technology 1 1.1 Introduction: Functions of Electronic Technology 6 2 From Electronics to Nanoelectronics: Particles, Waves, and Schrodinger.s Equation 41 2.1 Transition from Diffusive Motion of Electron Fluid to Quantum Behavior of Single Electrons 41 2.2 Particle (Quantum) Nature of Matter: Photons, Electrons, Atoms, and Molecules 46 2.3 Particle-Wave Nature of Light and Matter, De Broglie Formulas Lambda = h/p, E = hv 52 2.4 Maxwell's Equations 54 2.5 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 57 2.6 Schrodinger Equation, Quantum States and Energies, Barrier Tunneling 58 2.7 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator 67 2.8 Fermions, Bosons, and Occupation Rules 69 2.9 A Bose Particle System: Thermal Radiation in Equilibrium 70 3 Quantum Description of Atoms and Molecules 75 3.1 Schrodinger Equation in Spherical Polar Coordinates 75 3.2 Indistinguishable Particles and Their Exchange Symmetry 87 3.3 Molecules 95 4 Metals, Semiconductors, and Junction Devices 129 4.1 Metals 129 4.2 Energy Bands in Periodic Structures 136 4.3 pn Junctions, Diode I-V Characteristic, Photodetector, and Injection Laser 150 4.4 Semiconductor Surface: Schottky Barrier 158 4.5 Ferromagnets 159 4.6 Piezoelectrics, Pyroelectrics, and Superconductors 166 5 Some Newer Building Blocks for Nanoelectronic Devices 175 5.1 The Benzene Ring, a Conceptual Basis 176 5.2 The Graphene sheet, a Second Conceptual Basis 177 5.3 Carbon Nanotubes and Related Materials 187 5.4 Gold, Si, and CdS Nanowires and a Related Device 193 5.5 "Endohedral" C60 Buckyballs ~0.5 nm and Related Fullerene Molecules 198 5.6 Quantum Dots 199 5.7 Quantum Wells and the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Metal (2DEG) 205 5.8 Photonic Crystals 210 5.9 Organic Molecules and Conductive Polymers 213 6 Fabrication and Characterization Methods 223 6.1 Introduction 223 6.2 Surface Structuring 223 6.3 Specialized Vapor Deposition Processes 228 6.4 Silicon Technology: The INTEL-IBM Approach to Nanotechnology 233 6.5 Advanced Patterning and Photolithography 239 6.6 Use of DNA Strands in Guiding Self-Assembly of Nanometer-Size Structures 243 6.7 Scanning Probe Sensing and Fabrication Methods 245 7 The Field Effect Transistor: Size Limits 251 7.1 Metal-Oxide-Silicon Field-Effect Transistor 251 7.2 Small Size Limits for the MOSFET 255 7.3 Present Status of MOSFET Fabrication and Performance 258 7.4 Alternative to Bulk Silicon: Buried Oxide BOX 261 7.5 Alternative to Bulk Silicon: Strain Engineering 262 7.6 The Benzene Molecule as a Field Effect Transistor 263 8 Devices Based upon Electron Tunneling: Resonant Tunnel Diodes 267 8.1 Introduction 267 8.2 Physical Basis of Tunneling Devices 267 8.3 Resonant Tunneling Diodes and Hot Electron Transistors 275 8.4 Superconducting (RSFQ) Logic/Memory Computer Elements 279 8.5 Epitaxial MgO-Barrier Tunnel Junctions: Magnetic Field Sensors 285 9 Single-Electron Transistors, Molecular and Hybrid Electronics 289 9.1 Introduction to Coulomb and Molecular Devices 289 9.2 Single-Electron (Coulomb) Transistor SET 290 9.3 Single Molecules as Active Elements in Electronic Circuits 297 9.4 Hybrid Nanoelectronics Combining Si CMOS and Molecular Electronics: CMOL 301 9.5 Carbon Nanotube Crossbar Arrays for Ultradense, Ultrafast, Nonvolatile Random Access Memory 302 9.6 Carbon Nanotube-Based Electromechanical Switch Arrays for Nonvolatile Random Access Memory 306 9.7 Proposed 16-bit Parallel Processing in a Molecular Assembly 307 10 Devices Based on Electron Spin and Ferromagnetism for Storage and Logic 311 10.1 Hard and Soft Ferromagnets 312 10.2 The Origins of Giant Magnetoresistance 313 10.3 Magnetic Random Access Memory 319 10.4 Hybrid Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Nonvolatile Hall Effect Gate Devices 320 10.5 Spin Injection: The Johnson-Silsbee Effect 321 10.6 Imaging a Single Electron Spin by a Magnetic Resonance AFM 323 10.7 Magnetic Logic Devices: A Majority Universal Logic Gate 327 10.8 Magnetic Domain Wall Racetrack Memory 329 11 Qubits Versus Binary Bits in a Quantum Computer 333 11.1 Introduction 333 11.2 Electron and Nuclear Spins and Their Interaction 337 11.3 A Spin-Based Quantum Computer Using STM 340 11.4 Double-Well Potential Charge Qubits 341 11.5 Ion Trap on a GaAs Chip, Pointing to a New Qubit 351 11.6 Adiabatic Quantum Computation 353 12 Applications of Nanoelectronic Technology to Energy Issues 365 12.1 Introduction 365 12.2 Solar Energy and Its Conversion 367 12.3 Hydrogen Production (Solar) for Energy Transport 390 12.4 Storage and Transport of Hydrogen as a Potential Fuel 403 12.5 Surface Adsorption as a Method of Storing Hydrogen in High Density 404 13 Future of Nanoelectronic Technology 411 13.1 Silicon Devices 411 13.2 Solar Energy Conversion with Printed Solar Cells 416 13.3 Emergence of Nanoimprinting Methods 420 13.4 Self-Assembly of Nanostructured Electrodes 421 13.5 Emerging Methods in Nanoelectronic Technology 424 References 426 Exercises 429 Abbreviations 439 Some Useful Constants 443 Index 445
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