Agency and the foundations of ethics : Nietzschean constitutivism

Author(s)

    • Katsafanas, Paul

Bibliographic Information

Agency and the foundations of ethics : Nietzschean constitutivism

Paul Katsafanas

Oxford University Press, 2015, c2013

  • : pbk

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"First published 2013. First published in paperback 2015"--T.p. verso

Includes bibliographical references (p. [254]-264) and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Paul Katsafanas explores how we might justify normative claims as diverse as 'murder is wrong' and 'agents have reason to take the means to their ends.' He offers an original account of constitutivism-the view that we can justify certain normative claims by showing that agents become committed to them simply in virtue of acting-and argues that the attractions of this view are considerable: constitutivism promises to resolve longstanding philosophical puzzles about the metaphysics, epistemology, and practical grip of normative claims. The greatest challenge for any constitutivist theory is developing a conception of action that is minimal enough to be independently plausible, but substantial enough to yield robust normative results. Katsafanas argues that the current versions of constitutivism fall short on this score. However, we can generate a successful version by employing a more nuanced theory of action. Drawing on recent empirical work on human motivation as well as a model of agency indebted to the work of Nietzsche, Agency and the Foundations of Ethics argues that every episode of action aims jointly at agential activity and power. An agent manifests agential activity if she approves of her action, and further knowledge of the motives figuring in the etiology of her action would not undermine this approval. An agent aims at power if she aims at encountering and overcoming obstacles or resistances in the course of pursuing other, more determinate ends. These structural features of agency both constitute events as actions and generate standards of assessment for action. Using these results, Katsafanas shows that we can derive substantive and sometimes surprising normative claims from facts about the nature of agency.

Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • 1. Three Challenges for Ethical Theory
  • 2. Normativity as Inescapability
  • 3. Constitutivism and Self-Knowledge
  • 4. Constitutivism and Self-Constitution
  • 5. Action's First Constitutive Aim: Agential Activity
  • 6. Action's Second Constitutive Aim: Power
  • 7. The Structure of Nietzschean Constitutivism
  • 8. The Normative Results Generated by Nietzschean Constitutivism
  • 9. Activity, Power, and the Foundations of Ethics
  • Appendix: Is Nietzsche Really a Constitutivist?
  • References

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