Sasanian Jewry and its culture : a lexicon of Jewish and related seals

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Sasanian Jewry and its culture : a lexicon of Jewish and related seals

Daniel M. Friedenberg ; introduction by Norman Golb

University of Illinois, c2009

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The Sasanian Empire began in 226 C.E., when Ardashir, a Persian satrap, revolted against his Parthian overlords. Occupying the territories now divided among Iran and Iraq, and for brief periods Syria and Armenia, the empire engaged in intermittent warfare with Rome and Byzantium and was beset by internal strife as kings sought to impose Zoroastrianism upon the population and fought each other for power. In 640 C.E. the empire succumbed to the Arab invaders. Within the empire lived large communities of Jews, whose sheer numbers were considerably greater than the Jewish population of Byzantium. It was within the Sasanian Empire that the great Babylonian Talmud was assembled, yet Jewish relics are scarce. One of the most significant material remnants of Jewish life are seals, almost all of which are signet whose styles, inscriptions, and sites of discovery provide important clues about the size and status of Jewish populations throughout the empire. Seals show how Jews within the empire adopted or resisted certain Sasanian symbols and sustained traditional Jewish motifs such as the lulab and etrog. This volume presents fifty-seven Jewish seals from the Sasanian Empire, as well as comparative Zoroastrian and Christian seals. The text identifies their provenance (if known), translates their inscriptions, and organizes them by their depiction or reference.

目次

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi GENERAL NOTES xiii INTRODUCTION Observations on the Jews of the Sasanian Empire i NORMAN GOLB 1 A Brief Historical Review 5 2 The Jewish Academies 11 3 Jewish Names on Sasanian Seals 13 4 The Nature and Function of Sasanian Seals 17 5 Old Testament Themes 23 6 Description of Seals 27 Seals of the Lulab and Etrog 1. Seal of Mari Son of Samuel (Jewish) 27 2. Seal of Isaac Son of Papa (Jewish) 28 3. Seal of Judah - Son of Abba (Jewish) 28 4. Seal of Abbua (Jewish) 29 5. Seal of Ahawa Son of Zachary (Jewish) 29 6. Seal of Joseph (Jewish) 30 7. Seal Without Inscription (Jewish) 31 8. Seal of Hilkiah Son of Samuel (Jewish) 31 9. Seal of Huna Son of Nathan (Jewish) 31 10. Seal of Samuel 32 11. Seal of Levi Son of Simon (Jewish) 32 Seals of Abraham's Binding of Isaac and Related Scenes 12. Seal of Hillel Son of Menasseh (Jewish) 33 13. Seal of Jacob Son of Judah (Jewish) 34 14. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham's Binding of Isaac (Probably Christian) 35 15. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham's Binding of Isaac (Probably Christian) 35 16. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham with Cross on Altar (Christian) 36 17. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham with Cross over Altar (Christian) 36 18. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham with Cross over Altar (Christian) 37 19. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham Holding Isaac (Probably Christian) 37 20. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham with Crosses (Christian) 38 21. Seal with Latin Inscription: Abraham's Binding of Isaac (Christian) 38 22. Seal Without Inscription: Fire Altar and Priest (Zoroastrian) 39 23. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham's Binding of Isaac(?) (Unidentifiable) 39 24. Seal Without Inscription: Abraham's Binding of Isaac(?) (Unidentifiable) 40 25. Seal Without Inscription: Zoroastrian Worship (Zoroastrian) 40 26. Seal Without Inscription: Scene of Worship (Probably Zoroastrian) 41 Seals of the Human Figure 27. Seal of Joseph Son of Nata (Jewish) 41 28. Seal of Isaac Son of Adda (Jewish) 42 29. Seal of Ityonah Yoniya (or Ye'udia) (Jewish) 43 Seals of Animals and Other Life Forms 30. Seal of Hunay (Jewish) 44 31. Seal Without Inscription: Two Standing Rams (Probably Zoroastrian) 44 32. Seal of Isaac Son of Judah (Jewish) 45 33. Seal of Huna Son of Samuel (Jewish) 45 34. Seal of Hada Son of Hiyya (Jewish) 46 35. Seal of Jonah (Jewish) 46 36. Seal of Ibrami(?) (Jewish) 47 37. Seal of Abba (Jewish) 48 38. Seal of Shem Son of Hunar (Jewish) 48 39. Seal of `Uqba Son of Papa (Jewish) 49 40. Seal of Samuel Son of Yosha Tov(?) (Jewish) 49 41. Seal of Vashish(?) (Jewish) 50 Seals of Family Devices 42. Seal of Abba Son of Malka(?) (Jewish) 51 43. Seal of Aha Son of Sumaqa (Jewish) 52 Miscellaneous and Dubious Seals 44. Seal of John (Jewish) 53 45. Seal of Yoash the Dayyan Son of Judah(?) (Jewish) 53 46. Seal of Isaac Son of Moses (Jewish) 54 47. Seal of Yosine Arcohen [Chief Priest] Son of Iyf ... Shalom (Jewish) 54 48. Seal of Samuel Son of Isaac Rabba (Jewish) 55 Fantasy Seals on the Theme of the Binding of Isaac 49. Fantasy Seal on the Theme of the Binding of Isaac 56 50. A Second Fantasy Seal on the Aqedah Theme (Jewish) 56 51. A Third Fantasy Seal on the Aqedah Theme (Jewish) 57 Seals of Daniel in the Lions' Den 52. Seal Showing Daniel in the Lions' Den (Christian or Probably Christian) 58 53. Seal Showing Daniel in the Lions' Den (Christian or Probably Christian) 58 54. Seal Showing Daniel in the Lions' Den (Christian or Probably Christian) 59 55. Seal Showing Daniel in the Lions' Den (Christian or Probably Christian) 59 56. Seal Showing Daniel in the Lions' Den (Christian or Probably Christian) 60 57. Seal Showing Daniel in the Lions' Den (Christian or Probably Christian) 60 7 Specific Character of the Known Sasanian Jewish Seals 61 NOTES 63 BIBLIOGRAPHY 67 INDEX 71

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