Byron's heroines

`Alas! the love of women! it is known/ To be a lovely and fearful thing!' Don Juan, II. 199 Traditionally seen as an archetypal masculine poet, better known for his relationships with women than for the sympathetic study of them, Lord Byron has not lent himself easily to a feminist critique hitherto. In this, the first such example, Caroline Franklin takes an original and polemical standpoint, reading Byron within the setting of the contemporary debate on the nature, role, and rights of women in society. The heroines of Byron's narrative and dramatic verse are considered, not from a biographical perspective, but by relating these representations to ideologies of sexual difference which obtained in the poet's day. Viewed in their literary-historical context, these Byronic heroines are compared with other female protagonists of the age, thereby revealing the poet to be unusually honest and bold in his portrayal of female sexuality and its relation to political issues. Drawing upon original research materials, yron's Heroines presents the poet in a fresh and original context as well as making an important contribution to the debate regarding the representation of women in early nineteenth-century society.

• "At once above - beneath her sex" - the heroine in male-authored Regency verse romance
• "a soulless toy for a tyrant's lust?" - the heroine as passive victim
• "the firmness of a female hand" - the active heroines of the tales
• "quiet cruising o'er the ocean woman" - Byron's "Don Juan" and the woman question
• "each was radiant in her proper sphere" - Byron's theory of repression from Greece to the "gynocrasy"
• "why, what is virtue if it needs a victim?" - heroic heroines in Regency drama
• "my hope was to bring forth heroes" - the fostering of masculine "virtu" by the stoical heroines of the political plays
• "daughters of Earth" - the divided self and the heroines of the mythological dramas.