運輸エネルギー消費を最小化する最適都市構造の評価

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  • Evaluation of Optimal Urban Structure Minimizing the Energy Consumption in Automobile Transportation
  • ウンユ エネルギー ショウヒ オ サイショウカスル サイテキ トシ コウゾウ

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After the oil shock, industrial sector made an effort and succeeded in energy conservation. However, in trans-portation sector, effective means for energy conservation was not sufficiently developed yet. Especially, the road traffic in urban areas is not still efficient because of its heavy traffic jam. Since fuels for automobiles are one of main sources of CO2 emission, reducing fuel consumption in transportation sector is certainly effective to avoid global warming. To make remarkable improvement in energy conservation in transportation sector, not only improvement of the efficiency of engine but also arrangement of land use in urban areas to reduce trip length is effective. The purpose of this paper is to suggest an appropriate urban structure minimizing necessary transportation energy consumption. To simplify the problem, we concentrated on the city model with commuting and business trip by automobiles. We developed an optimization model in which the fuel consumption is minimized by adjusting the distribution of living area, business area, and street area. Simulation results demonstrate some features of optimal structure; Optimized urban structure changes depending on poulation density; it has the optimal point of the density to minimize fuel consumption per person. These results are compared with schematic distribution of population density in real cities.

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