Effets of Geology on Geomorphometric Characteristics Analyzed by a 50-m Digital Elevation Model

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  • 50m-DEMによる地形計測値と地質の関係
  • 50m-DEM ニ ヨル チケイ ケイソクチ ト チシツ ノ カンケイ

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Abstract

By using a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital geological map, this short report aims to show the statistical relationship between landform characteristics such as height, steepness, and convexity-dominance and the geologies on which landforms develop.<br> The DEM used in this study is a 50-m DEM on CD-ROM published by the Geographical Survey Insti-tute of Japan, and it covers all the Japanese Islands except Hokkaido. The geological data are digi-tized with 250-m resolution from the one millionth-scale map published by the Geological Survey of Japan, which is now available on CD-ROM.<br> The height of each 250-m grid is defined as the average of 25 samples within 250-m×250-m windows in a 50-m DEM, the steepness as the average of 25 norm values calculated with the same reso-lution and the same window size, and convexity-dominance as the appearance ratio in percentages of convex slopes where the Laplacian values are negative.<br> By overlaying the data for landform and geology, the anther concluds that 1) landform characteris-tics such as height, steepness, and convexity-dominance change gradually with time from the Holo-cene to Neocene, but this is interrupted at the Paleocene; 2) this means that the uplift initiating ac-tual landforms of the Japanese Islands began and has continued since the Neocene; and 3) the ma-ture mountain landforms on older geological systems have reached the dynamic equilibrium state con-trolled by rock properties and uplift velocity (not total uplift itself).

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