Technologic Advance in Seismic Exploration-Its past and future-

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  • 弾性波を用いた地下構造探査における技術と今後の動向
  • ダンセイハ オ モチイタ チカ コウゾウ タンサ ニ オケル ギジュツ ト コ

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Abstract

Seismic reflection methods have been developed through several innovative steps in the history. They are : CDP (or CMP), geophone grouping, deconvolution and seismic migration methods evolved from 1960s through 1980s. Although their assumption was horizontally stratified layers, these techniques have been taken into standard acquisition and processing chain to image invisible subsurface structures such as petroleum reservoirs even for relatively complex structure where the assumption may break up.<BR>Due to the recent tendency to have their target structures in smaller scale or more complex than it used to be, new tendency is about to be brought into the existing processing chain. We may summarize the tendency as follows : a) true amplitude acquisition/processing to detect seismic signals with non-grouped geophones, i.e., mono-geophone acquisition, b) 4-C marine data acquisition (tri-component geophone and pressure gauge), c) deconvolution for deep water with vertical or deep-tow cable, d) multichannel signal processing to form seismic beams to enhance S/N, e) inclusion of anisotropy and attenuation to help quantitative processing like AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset), f) multi-resolutional imaging using measurements with different frequency signals, and g) GLI (Generalized Linear Inverse) type imaging.

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