伊香保・鬼怒川における温泉観光集落の発達と経済的機能

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • THE DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC FUNCTION OF HOT SPRING RESORT SETTLEMENTS AT IKAHO AND KINUGAWA SPA
  • イカホ キヌガワ ニ オケル オンセン カンコウ シュウラク ノ ハッタツ ト ケイザイテキ キノウ オンセン カンコウチ ノ ケンキュウ 2
  • A STUDY ON HOT SPRING RESORTS IN JAPAN, PART II
  • 温泉観光地の研究 第2報

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抄録

The hot spring settlements in Japan had been generally characterized as Tojiba (medical treatment hot spring) supported by the farmers from neighboring districts until the close of the Meiji era. However, as a result of the revolution of traffic facilities after the Taisho era, the hot spring tourist market has increased in number every year and it's settlement has added recreational functions to it. Especially, owing to the connection with the metropolitan tourist market, the tourist industry has become large scale and various, and Tojiba has been changed it's quality into the hot spring resort settlement.<br> Thus, the hot spring resort settlement has been affected b y the development of general tourist traffic but at the same time, it has developed under the influence of regional conditions. Consequently, the economic function of the hot spring resort settlement shows the regional differences in each district today.<br> The writer attemped in this report the comparative study on the development and economic function of hot spring resort settlements at Ikaho and Kinugawa in northern Kanto.<br> Although Ikaho and Kinugawa are the same, in point of the scale of settlement and accessibility to Tokyo tourist market, the former is a traditional resort settlement and the latter is a newly-risen one in the Tokyo tourist region.<br> The results obtained are summerized as follows: (1) The Ikaho spa came into existence at the beginning of the Tokugawa era. Through the Tokugawa era, 14 Oyas (both landowner and proprietor of hot spring right) had monopolisticly controlled many Kadoyas (tenant or tradesman) at Ikaho village. However, 11 Oyas ruined at the first stage of the Meiji era, and the other capitals came in from the outside, but they were not active on their tourist industry. So, the local capitalists have taken the initiative on it.<br> Since the World War II, the local capitalists have carried a great weight with the hot spring management, especially, the Ikaho tourist association have promoted the development of tourist resorts such as hot spring boring, and the construction of skating rink or ropeway. (2) Contrary to the Ikaho spa, Kinugawa is a newly-risen hot spring resort settlement that developed rapidly at the beginning of the Showa era. At that time, Tobu Railway Company, one of the main traffic capital in Tokyo, completed the tourist traffic route which combined Tokyo tourist market with Nikko or Kinugawa, and moreover, invested much money advertising extensively for the Kinugawa spa.<br> Also a hot spring boring company in Tokyo attemped to complete it's boring and land exploitation, expanding the range of hot spring resort settlement.<br> After the World War II, Kinugawa have made remarkable progress, because the capita-lists in Tokyo invested actively for the tourist resort development.<br> (3) In the next place, the actual condition of tourist industrial activity was made clear to draw out the economic function of hot spring resort settlement.<br> Workers of tourist industry are about 2, 400 at Ikaho and about 3, 500 at Kinugawa, and the rate of hotel workers was indicated to be 65.2% at Ikaho and 74.8% at Kinugawa in 1963. On the scale of hotel, Ikaho has many medium and small enterprises but Kinugawa opposite phenomenon. Namely, the accomodation rate in medium and small hotel less than 200 guests shows 66.2% at Ikaho, but only 26.5% at Kinugawa.<br> Moreover, in the region of labor market, Ikaho depends on 47.6% and Kinugawa only 17.7% within 20 km zone. However, Ikaho depends on Tokyo labor market by 3, 5% and Kinugawa 12.2%.<br> (4) Investigating on the tourist market constituent in May during tourist season, both Ikaho and Kinugawa depends on Tokyo tourist market about 40%. On the other hand, Ikaho depends on the neighboring districts by 33.0% and Kinugawa only 14.9%. And the tourist market rate depending on Tokai and Kinki district is only 1.8% at Ikaho but 14.9 % at Kinugawa.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 42 (5), 295-313, 1969

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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