韓国の都市化と都市システム:1960年～1980年 (I)

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タイトル別名
  • URBANIZATION AND URBAN SYSTEM OF KOREA: 1960_??_1980
  • カンコク ノ トシカ ト トシ システム 1960ネン 1980ネン 1

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The purpose of this study is to extract basic dimension of the urban system and their changes in Korea since 1960's. For the study, the R-mode factor analysis, the Q-mode cluster analysis, the coefficient of congruence analysis and the cross-sectional data analysis were adopted. The results from those analyses could make us to interpret the diffusion effects of urbanization from 1960 to 1980 in the Korean urban system complex. Therefore, we can accept this study which has mainly tested how the Korean urban system would change and what factor has brought the change in the system through the progress of urbanization.<br> For the R-moode factor analysis, 30 variables (Table 1.) were used at two points of time, 1966 and 1978. Eigenvalues over 1.0 were extracted for the factors and those factors had been performed the orthogonal varimax rotation. Successively, the rotated factor scores were used to calculate the Fuclidian distances and the weighted pair group averaging Q-mode cluster analyses were performed with those distance variables. Besides those works, the coefficients of congruence were calculated to identify the similarity of the urban system dimensions between 1966 and 1978. The results of those analyses had been compared each other. The conclusions of this study are as follows;<br> 1. The two decades from 1960 to 1980 are the period of the fastest urbanization in Korea. 2. The Korean urban system changed and generated with this high pace of urbanization process. The basic urban system dimensions of 1966 are 1) Socio-economic basis and city hierarchical dimension, 2) educational, cultural and informational dimension, and 3) dimension of the growing force and vigor of cities. But in 1978, the basic dimensions of the Korean urban system are changed. They are composed of 1) manufacturing dimension, 2) socio-economic basis and city hierarchical dimension, and 3) educational, cultural and informational dimension. The cumulative variances with those three factors are 62% in 1966 and 63% in 1978. The results of cluster analyses give some fruitful instructions to overview the changes of Korean urban system dimensions. We can classify prominently developed cities as the special cities group (Seoul and Busan) and regional central cities group (Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daej eon etc.) in the case of 1978.<br> 3. The strongest factor on the Korean urbanization during the period of 1960' 1980 was the manufacturing, especially the export oriented and labor-intensive manufacturings which attracted many young cheap labor force from the agricultural countrysides. Other factors are historical, -fall of the feudal Lee dynasty, colonial era, separation of the country, Korean War, and five-year national developing plan, educational effects are the significant factors of the dramatic change of Korean urban system. <br> 4. The great cities developed faster than the small cities, and the cities with the regional central functions, administration, manufacturing were also rapidly developed.<br> 5. Urbanization in Korea was diffused selectively, so the areal differential growth was occurred in the urban system. In this period, the most highly developed region is the capital region, and the next highly developed region is the South-east coastal manufacturing belt. Most of the migrants moved to those two regions from rural areas. The share of Seoul and Busan for the total in-migration to all cities is over 60%, which shows indirectly that the main factor of urbanization in Korea is the manufacturing. Because, 50% of labor force to the national total in manufacturing is concentrated in Seoul and Busan.<br> 6. The population concentration to cities in Korea was accelerated by the attractive and absorbable power of manufacturing, the different income levels between urban and rural, and the diffusion effects of urbanization.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 55 (1), 1-20, 1982

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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