Designing Acoustic Transmitting-Receiving System for Volume Backscattering Measurement of Zooplankton

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  • Xuezhen Liu
    Department of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Fisheries
  • Furusawa Masahiko
    Department of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Fisheries
  • Hamada Etuyuki
    Department of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Fisheries
  • Aoyama Chiharu
    Department of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Fisheries

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A basic designing method of the acoustic transmitting-receiving system for measuring or utilizing volume backscattering of zooplankton is developed, applying the method established for the quantitative echo sounder design. The primary principle is to make the signal-to-noise ratio in measuring volume backscattering strength of zooplankton as high as possible by selecting appropriate parameters such as frequency, beam width, etc. The scattering property of zooplankton applied is Johnson's highpass liquid sphere model. The frequency characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio are derived combining the scattering model and several characteristics of sound transmission and reception. A universal diagram for basic design of transmitting-receiving system, which shows all relationships in the observation range, the plankton size, the signal-to-noise ratio, the frequency, the beam width and the diameter of transducer, is made. Suitable range of the frequency, maximum depth range, etc. can be easily found at a glance from this diagram. The method is experimentally examined using the field data obtained by a Doppler current meter. The results show that the experimentally observed signal strength is nearly equal to the predicted one. The signal-to-noise ratio is further discussed using the noise level observed during the experiment.

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