放射性炭素年代とその高精度化

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タイトル別名
  • Recent Progress of Radiocarbon Dating with High Precision and Accuracy.
  • ホウシャセイ タンソ ネンダイ ト ソノ コウセイドカ

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Since the establishment of radiocarbon 14C dating around 1950 by W. F. Libby, 14C dating has been one of the most reliable dating methods, applicable to most archeological and geological samples. From the beginning, a radiometric method has been used to measure 14C abundance. At the end of the 1970s, the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a direct 14C atom counting method, was developed, which required only a few mg of carbon as a test sample. This technique has continued to expand the applications of 14C dating to a variety of samples-in particular, to tiny specimens with small carbon content. After some modifications of the original AMS techniques, one of the most recent AMS systems can date a test specimen of 1mgC with a precision of 0.25-0.5% and an accuracy of 0.5%.<br>The Tandetron accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS), an apparatus dedicated to radiocarbon (14C) measurements, manufactured by General Ionex Corporation, USA, has been used since 1983 to measure 14C concentrations of environmental samples, as well as 14C dates of geological and archeological materials, at the Center for Chronological Research (CCR), Nagoya University. Routinely, about 700-800 samples have been dated each year, and in total more than 8, 600 samples in various research fields have been measured since the installation of the machine.<br>In 1996-1997, we installed, as a second machine, a new generation Tandetron AMS system, which was the third AMS machine built by High Voltage Engineering Europe (HVEE), B. V., the Netherlands. We successfully conducted performance tests of the spectrometer in January 1999, along with accuracy tests of 14C measurements for IAEA C1 to C8 standard samples, and identified 14C ages of various archeological and geological samples with a precision of better than 0.5%.<br>In this article, the definition of 14C age is briefly reviewed based on the stage of correction. The present status of the high-accuracy and high-precision 14C dating is described. The calibration of 14C ages based on dendrochronology is discussed, as well as the wiggle-matching method.

収録刊行物

  • 第四紀研究

    第四紀研究 40 (6), 445-459, 2001

    日本第四紀学会

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