Glycoenzyme反応の解析研究から細胞高分子研究への展開 [in Japanese] Studies on the Reaction Mechanism of Glycoenzymes Have Developed a Research Concept of Cellular Macromolecules [in Japanese]
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Abstract
20余年にわたる本学会応糖科での活動を軸どして積み重ねてきた91ycoenzyme反応の解析研究を基盤として,従来に異なる研究領域の新しい展開を図ろうとした.すなわち,細胞高分子の研究である.そこでこの道筋,展開への顛末をここにまとめることとした.反応の解析研究に供した酵素glycoenzymesは,(1)glucoamylase,(2)CGTase,(3)BLA,(4)BSA,(5)TAA,(6)xyloseisomerase,(7)β-glucosidase,(8)β-galactosidase,(9)β-glucanase,(10)β-glucocerebrosidaseなどである.起源の異なる複数の酵素を解析の対象とした事例もあるから,実験に供した酵素の実数は10以上になる.問題は実績既存の解析研究が細胞高分子の展開研究とどう関わっていくのかである.そこでまず,これらの酵素を用いてどのように反応を観測し機構を解析したか,を以下図表を中心に解説する.ただ,反応の解析研究に関する成績はすでに本誌でも発表済みであるから,要点を簡潔に短くまとめておくことにしよう.
For these 20 years our research groups have investigated the reaction mechanism of glycoenzymes as follows; (1) glucoamylases from Rhizopus niveus and delemar, (2) CGTase from Bacillus stearothermophilus, (3) BLA, (4) BSA, (5) TAA, (6) xylose isomerase from Streptomyces phaeochromogenus, (7) β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger, (8) β-galactosidase from yeast, (9) β-glucanase from yeast, (10) β-glucocerebrosidase from animal (wagyu). A lot of experimental results have been accumulated in this research era. However, all the reactions were carried out in aqueous solutions, where the reaction system is three dimensions. This is an important point in this discussion. As described in textbooks, for example The Cell, the rate in a reaction system of two dimensions is much larger (around 15 fold) than that of three dimensions. Thus we are very interested in the reaction system of two dimensions, which reaction field in a biological system is the membrane. As a consequence, research on the enzymes and proteins in membrans will be critically important for biological science and technology. Here, based on the research into glycoenzymes, we intended to develop a new research field, that is, cellular macromolecules.
Journal
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- Journal of Applied Glycoscience
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Journal of Applied Glycoscience 49(2), 239-247, 2002-04-01
The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience