Imaging observations of the equatorward limit of midlatitude traveling ionospheric disturbances

  • Shiokawa K.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Otsuka Y.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Ejiri M. K.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Sahai Y.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Kadota T.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Ihara C.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Ogawa T.
    Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
  • Igarashi K.
    Communications Research Laboratory
  • Miyazaki S.
    Geographical Survey Institute
  • Saito A.
    Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University

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This paper reports the first attempt to observe the equatorward limit of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in the middle latitudes. The TIDs usually propagate southwestward in the northern hemisphere. An all-sky cooled-CCD imager measured 630-nm airglow at a southern island of Japan, Okinawa (26.9°N, 128.3°E, geomagnetic latitude (MLAT) = 17.0°), during the FRONT-2 campaign of August 4-15, 1999. The TIDs were detected at the mainland of Japan (-21°-36° MLAT) by the total electron content (TEC) observations of more than 1000 GPS receivers. In the August 4 event, the TIDs moving southwestward was seen only in the northern sky of Okinawa as a depletion band in the 630-nm airglow images. In the August 6 event, the TIDs were not seen in the 630-nm images at Okinawa, although weak TID activity was observed by the GPS network at the mainland of Japan. The TEC data also showed weakening of the TID activity below 18° MLAT. Based on these observations, we suggest that there is a possible limit of medium-scale TID propagation around -18° MLAT.

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