水道水中のハロゲン化消毒副生成物

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タイトル別名
  • Halogenated Disinfection By-Products in Tap Water.
  • スイドウスイチュウ ノ ハロゲンカ ショウドク フク セイセイブツ

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In tap water derived from river water, the total concentration of all halogenated disinfection by-products was the lowest (slightly less than 50μg/l) during winter but gradually increased, reaching a peak (slightly over 200μg/l) in August. According to the classes of halogenated by-products, haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes were major by-products, haloacetaldehydes, haloacetonitriles and haloacetones were medium by-products, and halopropionic acids and halonitromethanes were minor by-products. Among the medium by-products, the haloacetaldehydes concentration was always higher than haloacetonitriles concentration. Evaluation of individual halogenated by-products in each class revealed the following findings. In trihalomethanes, the concentration of chloroform was the highest, showing clear seasonal variation while that of other by-products was low, markedly decreasing in the order of bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. In haloacetonitriles, dichloroacetonitrile as a major by-product showed seasonal variation while bromochloroacetonitrile and dibromoacetonitrile as minor by-products showed nearly constant concentration during the year. In haloacetones, seanonal variation was observed in 1, 1, 1-trichloroacetone (a major by-product) but not 1, 1-dichloroacetone (a minor by-product) . In haloacetaldehydes, seasonal variation was observed in trichloroacetaldehyde (a major by-product) but not in dichloroacetaldehyde (a minor by-product) . In haloacetic acids, dichloroacetic acid was a major by-product, trichloroacetic acid was a medium by-product, and bromochloroacetic acid and dichlorobromoacetic acid were minor by-products. In halopropionic acids, 2, 2-dichloropropionic acid was a major by-product, and 2, 3-dichloropropionic acid was a minor by-product.<BR>In tap water derived from the mixture of river water and ground water, the total concentration of all halogenated by-products was low in winter and high in summer (about 100-200μg/l) fiein some samples but showed no seasonal variation (slightly less than 100 -slightly more than 150μg/l) in others. The order of the concentrations of the halogenated by-product classes was similar between the tap water derived from the mixture of river water and ground water and that derived from river water except that the haloacetaldehydes concentration was lower than the haloacetonitriles concentration in the former. Compared with individual halogenated by-products in the river water-derived tap water, trihalomethane cantaining bromine atom increased in trihalomethanes, dibromoacetonitrile in haloacetonitriles, tribromoacetaldehyde in haloacetaldehydes, and dibromochloroacetic acid in haloacetic acids while the dichloroacetic acid concentration decreased.<BR>Tap water after advanced water treatment showed no seasonal variation in the total concentration of halogenated by-products (about 50-100μg/l) . The concentration order of the classes of halogenated by-products in this tap water was the almost same as that in the tap water derived from a mixture of river water and ground water. The concentrations of all individual halogenated by-products were lower in this tap water than in the river water-derived tap water.<BR>Even when the same tap water was supplied, the tap water via the water receiving tank elevated tank showed a higher total concentration of halogenated by-products than the tap water from main supply tube directly. In addition, the total concentration of halogenated by-products was higher in the water kept in receiving tank elevated tank for a longer period. Since the water receiving tank/elevated tanks investigated in this study were in a relatively sealed state, the concentrations of all classes of halogenated by-products except haloacetones and major halogenated by-products in each class showed good correlation with the residence time of the water in the tanks, i.e., the time of contact with effective residual chlorine.

収録刊行物

  • 環境化学

    環境化学 8 (3), 455-464, 1998

    一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

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