Experimental Studies in the Determination of Materials for Hammers.

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  • 石器製作におけるハンマー素材の推定　　実験的研究と考古資料への適用
  • セッキ セイサク ニ オケル ハンマー ソザイ ノ スイテイ ジッケンテキ ケンキュウ ト コウコ シリョウ エ ノ テキヨウ
  • 実験的研究と考古資料への適用

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Abstract

In this paper, we describe a series experiments undertaken to investigate how to determine materials for hammers used by stone age people in manufacturing stone tools. Examination of several attributes on experimental flakes detached with hammers of four different materials (hard stone, soft stone, antler, and wood), clarified that differences in hammer materials were best reflected in the attributes concerned with fracture-initiation area of the flake. Through combining these attributes, we established five types in this area that were strongly related to the hammer materials. By applying the Vickers Hardness measuring method to each of the hammers and experimental obsidian flakes, we made it clear that the five types were mutually connected with Vickers Hardness relativity between the hammer materials and the experimental flakes. Furthermore, we analyzed two groups of Upper Palaeolithic obsidian flakes from two sites in Southern Kanto, in terms of the five types established. The results of the analyses led us to suggest a high possibility that the flakes of both groups were mainly detached with soft stone hammers.

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