熱帯モンスーン地域の直播水田における用水量の実態

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タイトル別名
  • Water Requirements for Direct Seeding of Rice in the Tropical Monsoon Area
  • ネッタイ モンスーン チイキ ノ ジキマキ スイデン ニ オケル ヨウスイリョ
  • Case study in the Muda Area of Malaysia
  • マレーシア・ムダ地区について

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Water requirements for direct seeding of rice in the tropical monsoon region of Asia is discussed in this study. The Muda irrigation area, the largest rice producing area in Malaysia, was selected as a study area, where direct seeding method (wet seeding and dry seeding) has spread rapidly since 1980's. Irrigation water requirements after spread of direct seeding has compared with that when transplantation method has shared 100% of the area, and analysed the causes of the difference by considering the change of farm operation and irrigation management.<BR>Furthermore difference of water requirements by the spread of direct seeding and construction of tertiary canal and farm road has been analysed in the selected four study irrigation blocks for three years.<BR>As a result of this study, following findings have been obtained.<BR>a) Direct seeding method requires less irrigation water than transplantation method both in the 1st and 2nd cultivation seasons. Water requirement has decreased from 1879 mm to 1642 mm in the 1st season, and decreased from 1548 mm to 1446mm in the 2nd season by the shift of cultivation method from transplanting to direct seeding.<BR>b) The reasons of decrease of water requirement in the 1st season are (1) shortening of irrigation period by the spread of dry direct seeding and (2) reduction of water requirement to nursery in whole main field.<BR>c) In the 2nd season the decrease of water requirement is not so much as the 1st season. But (1) by the spread of wet seeding the shortening of irrigation period for rooting and (2) shortening the period between harvest in the 1st season and start cultivation of 2nd season.<BR>d) In areas of no tertiary canal, where percentage of direct seeding are low, irrigation water requirements were higher than areas with tertiary canal where spread direct seeding in high percentage. It was shown both in the 1st and 2nd cultivation seasons during all three analysed years.

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