医用工学の発展と医療への貢献について

DOI 参考文献11件
  • 梶谷 文彦
    岡山大学大学院医歯学総合研究科システム循環生理学

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Challenging role of biomedical engineering in medicine

この論文をさがす

抄録

Our common understanding for the most important issues in daily life is improvement of health and quality of life in harmony with nature. At the early stage of biomedical engineering (BME) from 1950s to 1970s, it laid on the interdisciplinary region between medicine and engineering. During this period, medicine progressed rapidly through development of clinical examination tests, medical equipments and new drugs. Engineering contributed to medicine through not only providing modern technology but also offering logical thinking way by control and information theories. The growth of medical instrumentation was followed by intensive care units, catheterization laboratory, various medical imaging technologies (ultrasound, X-CT, MRI, SPT and PET) and artificial organs.<br>As the results of these developments, BME has been established as an independent profession. In Japan, the law of “clinical engineering technician” was enacted in May, 1987 and took effect in the next year. This is a quite unique law which guarantees the technician to manipulate the medical instruments to maintain human blood circulation, respiration and metabolism appropriately, enabling them to participate in the treatment of patients.<br>Thus, the current BME covers a variety of fields from basic research to clinical medicine. The following areas may have high priorities to promote BME further:<br>1. functional genomics, physiome<br>2. cellular and tissue engineering<br>3. biosensors, intelligent sensors, minutialized sensors<br>4. medical imaging, nano/micro imaging<br>5. artificial intelligence, signal interpretation and bioinformatics<br>6. analysis and support of biological function<br>7. artificial organs, assist devices and implantable devices<br>8. medical robotics and support for minimally invasive and/or safety treatment<br>9. rehabilitation engineering and technical aids for the aged<br>10. artificial environments (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality), computational biology<br>11. BME education and technologies for developing societies<br>Now that the completion of human genome project was declared, it becomes important to understand the roles of the genes in a living body. Under these circumstance, the “Physiome project” has been commenced in 1997. “Physiome” is a newly coined word: physio= life or nature, ome= as a whole entity. The project is an integrated multi-centric program to design, develop, implement, test and document, archive and disseminate quantitative information of the functional behavior of organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organisms. Identification of each gene and its associated protein forces us to recognize the importance of functions of genes and proteins, and signal networks in organized cells, tissues, organs and organism.<br>From a therapeutic viewpoint, the results of pharmacological and/or gene interventions, such as desirable effects, adverse reactions and interaction between treatments in patients at risk are not highly predictable. For accurate prediction, a comprehensive grasp of functions of cells, tissues and organs through Physiome is essential.<br>BME can contribute greatly to gain insights into the functions of living body by systematically integrating among genes, proteins, cells, tissues and organs.

収録刊行物

参考文献 (11)*注記

もっと見る

キーワード

詳細情報 詳細情報について

問題の指摘

ページトップへ