水道水中の強力な変異原物質 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) の分布と毒性 [in Japanese] Distribution of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in Water Samples, and Its Chemical and Genotoxic Properties [in Japanese]
-
- 杉山 千歳 SUGIYAMA Chitose
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 中嶋 圓 NAKAJIMA Madoka
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 岩本 憲人 [他] IWAMOTO Ken-ichi
- 静岡県立大学薬学部 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 増田 修一 MASUDA Shuichi
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 大石 悦男 OISHI Etsuo
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 木苗 直秀 KINAE Naohide
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
Access this Article
Search this Article
Author(s)
-
- 杉山 千歳 SUGIYAMA Chitose
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 中嶋 圓 NAKAJIMA Madoka
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 岩本 憲人 [他] IWAMOTO Ken-ichi
- 静岡県立大学薬学部 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 増田 修一 MASUDA Shuichi
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 大石 悦男 OISHI Etsuo
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
-
- 木苗 直秀 KINAE Naohide
- 静岡県立大学大学院生活健康科学研究科 Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
Abstract
Various mutagens and carcinogens are formed during the chlorine disinfection of raw drinking water. Among them, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5<i>H</i>)-furanone (MX), exhibits a high mutagenic activity against <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> TA100 without S9 mix, which is comparable to aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MX induces stomach tumor to rats in the 2-stage carcinogenicity test using <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N'</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). In this review, we summarize the distribution of MX in several water samples including drinking water and its chemical, biological and genotoxic properties.
Journal
-
- Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment
-
Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment 27(6), 393-401, 2004-06-10
Japan Society on Water Environment
References: 111
- 1
- 2
- 1 / 2
-
1
- Is the water safe to drink? Part1 : The problem
-
HARRIS R. H.
Consumer reports 39, 436-443, 1974
Cited by (1)
-
2
- Chlorination, chlorination by-products, and cancer : a meta-analysis
-
MORRIS R. D.
Am. J. Public Health 82, 955-963, 1992
Cited by (1)
-
3
- Drinking water mutagenicity and gastrointestinal and urinary tract cancers : an ecological study in Finland
-
KOIVUSALO M.
Am. J. Public Health 84, 1223-1228, 1994
Cited by (1)
-
4
- Use of mechanism-based structure-activity relationships analysis in carcinogenic potential ranking for drinking water disinfection by-products
-
WOO Y.-T.
Environ. Health Perspect. 110(Suppl. 1), 75-87, 2002
Cited by (1)
-
5
- Isolation and identification of an Ames-mutagenic compound present in kraft chlorination effluents
-
HOLMBOM B. R.
Tappi 64, 172-174, 1981
Cited by (1)
-
6
- Studies on the potent bacterial mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone : aqueous stability, XAD recovery and analytical determination in drinking water and in chlorinated humic acid solutions
-
MEIER J. R.
Mutat. Res. 189, 363-373, 1987
Cited by (3)
-
7
- Seasonal variation and stability of chlorinated organic mutagens in drinking water
-
KINAE N.
Wat. Sci. Tech. 25, 333-340, 1992
Cited by (2)
-
8
- <no title>
-
日本薬学会
衛生試験法 注解2000, 740-742, 2000
Cited by (1)
-
9
- Identification of mutagens in drinking water
-
HORTH H.
J. Francais d'Hydrologie 21, 135-145, 1990
Cited by (1)
-
10
- Identification of mutagens in drinking water
-
HORTH H.
Aqua 38, 80-100, 1989
Cited by (3)
-
11
- Mutagenic potency of chlorofuranones and related compounds in Salmonella
-
ISHIGURO Y.
Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 11, 1988
Cited by (1)
-
12
- Detection of DNA lesions induced by chemical mutagens using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. 2. Relationship between DNA migration and alkaline condition
-
MIYAMAE Y.
Mutat. Res. 393, 107-113, 1997
Cited by (2)
-
13
- Enhancing effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) on cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation in the rat gastric mucosa
-
NISHIKAWA A.
Cancer Lett. 85, 151-157, 1994
Cited by (3)
-
14
- Genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of chlorinated furanones : important by-products of water chlorination
-
MEIER J. R.
Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures, 185-195, 1990
Cited by (1)
-
15
- Expression of p53 and p21 Ki-ras proteins in rat thyroid gland tumors induced by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)
-
HAKULINEN P.
Anticancer Res. 22, 703-706, 2002
Cited by (1)
-
16
- The carcinogenic response of Tsc2 mutant Long-Evans (Eker) rats to a mixture of drinking water disinfection by-products was less than additive
-
HOOTH M. J.
Toxicol. Sci. 69, 322-331, 2002
Cited by (1)
-
17
- Pharmacokinetics in rat of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a drinking water mutagen, after a single dose
-
KOMULAINEN H.
Pharmacol. Toxicol. 70, 424-428, 1992
Cited by (1)
-
18
- 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) : toxicological properties and risk assessment in drinking water
-
HIROSE A.
Reviews on Environ. health 14, 103-120, 1999
Cited by (1)
-
19
- Chlorination of drinking water and cancer incidence in Norway
-
FLATEN T. P.
Int. J. Epidemiol. 21(1), 6-15, 1992
DOI Cited by (2)
-
20
- Drinking water and cancer, Environ
-
MORRIS R. D.
Health Perspect 103(Suppl. 8), 225-231, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
21
- Fractionation, isolation, and characterization of Ames mutagenic compounds in kraft chlorination effluents
-
HOLMBOM B.
Environ. Sci. Technol 18, 333-337, 1984
DOI Cited by (2)
-
22
- Chemistry of mutagenic by-products of water chlorination
-
KRONBERG L.
Sci. Total Environ. 81-82, 219-230, 1989
Cited by (1)
-
23
- Determination of chlorinated furanones, hydroxyfuranones, and butenedioic acids in chlorine-treated water and in pulp bleaching liquor
-
KRONBERG L.
Environmental Science and Technology 27, 1811-1818, 1993
Cited by (2)
-
24
- Synthesis of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, a potent mutagen
-
PADMAPRIA A. A.
Can. J. Chem. 63, 828-832, 1985
Cited by (3)
-
25
- Synthesis of chlorinated 5-hydroxy-4-methyo-2(5H)-furanones and mucochloric acid
-
FRANZEN R.
Tetrahedron Lett. 36, 3905-3908, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
26
- Synthesis of 3-^<14> C-3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and its use in a tissue distribution study in the rat
-
RINGHAND H. P.
Chemosphere 18, 2229-2236, 1989
Cited by (1)
-
27
- Potentially mutagenic, chlorine-substituted 2(5H)-furanones : studies of their synthesis and NMR properties
-
LALONDE R. T.
J. Org. Chem. 55, 2847-2855, 1990
Cited by (1)
-
28
- Bromine-, chlorine-, and mixed halogen-substituted 4-methyl-2-(5H)-furanones : synthesis and mutagenic effects of halogen and hydroxyl group replacements
-
LALONDE R. T.
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10, 1427-1436, 1997
Cited by (2)
-
29
- Disposition of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in B6C3F1 mice F344 rats
-
LEBETKIN E. H.
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 65, 2101-2118, 2002
DOI Cited by (1)
-
30
- Analysis and some chemical properties of MX (3chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone), the potent drinking water mutagen
-
VARTIAINEN T.
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 340, 230-233, 1991
Cited by (1)
-
31
- New derivatization method for determination of 3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in water
-
NAWROCKI J.
J. Chromatogr. A 790, 242-247, 1997
Cited by (1)
-
32
- Derivatization of the mutagen MX (3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) with butyl alcohols prior to GC-MS analysis
-
NAWROCKI J.
Water Res. 35, 1891-1896, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
33
- Application of sec-butanol to the derivatization of hydroxyfuranones
-
NAWROCKI J.
J. AOAC Int. 84, 1802-1808, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
34
- Determination of the strong mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) and its analogues by GC-ITD-MS-MS
-
ZWIENER C.
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 371, 591-597, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
35
- Determination of the strong mutagen in chlorinated drinking and humic waters
-
HEMMING J.
Chemosphere 15, 549-556, 1986
DOI Cited by (10)
-
36
- Ames mutagenicity and concentration of the strong mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(H)-furanone and its geometric isomer E-2-chloro-3-dichloromethyl-4-oxo-butenoic acid in chlorine-treated tap waters
-
KRONBERG L.
Mutation Res. 206, 177-182, 1988
Cited by (5)
-
37
- 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) and mutagenic activity in Massachusetts drinking water
-
WRIGHT J. M.
Environ. Health Perspect. 110, 157-164, 2002
Cited by (4)
-
38
- Mutagenic activity and presence of the strong mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl) -5-hydroxy-2-(5H) -furanone (MX) in chlorinated raw and drinking waters in the Netherlands
-
BACKLUND P.
The Sci. of Total Environ 84, 273-282, 1989
Cited by (2)
-
39
- The determination of strong mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone in drinking water in Japan
-
SUZUKI N.
Chemosphere 21, 387-392, 1990
Cited by (8)
-
40
- The determination of strong mutagen MX [3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone] in drinking water in China
-
ZOU X.
Chemosphere 30, 2219-2225, 1995
Cited by (3)
-
41
- Identification and quantification of the mutagenic compound 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in chlorine-treated water
-
ROMERO J.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 59, 715-722, 1997
Cited by (1)
-
42
- Brominated analogues of MX (3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone) in chlorinated drinking water
-
SUZUKI N.
Chemosphere 30(8), 1557-1564, 1995
Cited by (2)
-
43
- Detection and origin of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H) furanone (MX) in river Water
-
KINAE N.
Water Sci. Technol. 42, 117-123, 2000
Cited by (3)
-
44
- Identification and quantification of the Ames mutagenic compound 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and of its geometric isomer (E)-2-chloro-3-(dichloromethyl)-4-oxobutenoic acid in chlorine-treated humic water and drinking water extracts
-
KRONBERG L.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 1097-1103, 1988
Cited by (3)
-
45
- Identification of mutagenic compounds formed during chlorination of humic acid
-
MEIER J. R.
Mutat. Res. 157, 111-122, 1985
DOI Cited by (5)
-
46
- Factors on the formation of disinfection by-products MX, DCA and TCA by chlorination of fulvic acid from lake sediments
-
CHEN Z.
Chemosphere 45, 379-385, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
47
- Formation of the mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and related compounds by chlorination of phenolic compounds
-
LANGVIK V.-A.
Chemosphere 22, 547-555, 1991
Cited by (1)
-
48
- Possible reaction pathways for the formation of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)
-
LANGVIK V.-A.
Chemosphere 28, 1111-1117, 1994
Cited by (1)
-
49
- Mutagenic and clastogenic properties of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone : a potent bacterial mutagen in drinking water
-
MEIER J. R.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 10, 411-424, 1987
DOI Cited by (7)
-
50
- Genotoxic effects of various chlorinated butenoic acids identified in chlorinated drinking water
-
TIKKANEN L.
Mutat. Res. 240, 109-116, 1990
Cited by (2)
-
51
- Effect on mutagenicity of the stepwise removal of hydroxyl group and chlorine atoms from 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5 hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone : ^<13>C NMR chemical shifts as determinants of mutagenicity
-
LALONDE R. T.
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4, 35-40, 1991
Cited by (1)
-
52
- Genotoxic activity of chlorinated butenoic acids in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA104
-
FRANZEN R.
Muta. Res. 417, 31-37, 1998
Cited by (1)
-
53
- Lack of uniformity in the mutational spectra of chlorohydroxyfuranones in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100
-
HYTTINEN J. M.
Mutagenesis 10, 321-323, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
54
- Mutational spectra of Salmonella typhimurium revertants induced by chlorohydroxyfuranones, byproducts of chlorine disinfection of drinking water
-
KNASMULLER S.
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, 374-381, 1996
Cited by (1)
-
55
- Mutation spectra of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-methyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCF) in Salmonella TA100 and TA104 : comparison to MX
-
SHAUGHNESSY D. T.
Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35, 106-113, 2000
Cited by (1)
-
56
- Mutation spectra in Salmonella of analogues of MX : implications of chemical structure for mutational mechanisms
-
DEMARINI D. M.
Mutat. Res. 453, 51-65, 2000
Cited by (1)
-
57
- Food-derived heterocyclic amines potentiate the mutagenicity of a drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)
-
WATANABE-AKANUMA M.
Mutat. Res. 377, 225-229, 1997
Cited by (4)
-
58
- A comparison of mutation spectra detected by the Escherichia coli Lac^+ reversion assay and the Salmonella typhimurium His^+ reversion assay
-
OHTA T.
Mutagenesis 15, 317-323, 2000
Cited by (3)
-
59
- Induction of mutation, sister-chromatid exchanges, and chromosome aberrations by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in Chinese hamster ovary cells
-
MAKI-PAAKKANEN J.
Mutat. Res. 310, 117-123, 1994
Cited by (3)
-
60
- Induction of gene mutation in mammalian cells by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a chlorine disinfection by-product in drinking water
-
JANSSON K.
Mutat. Res. 322, 129-132, 1994
Cited by (1)
-
61
- Kinds of mutations induced by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells
-
HYTTINEN J. M.
Carcinogenesis 17, 1179-1181, 1996
Cited by (1)
-
62
- 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) induces gene mutations and inhibits metabolic cooperation in cultured Chinese hamster cells
-
MATSUMURA H.
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 43, 65-72, 1994
Cited by (3)
-
63
- Mutagenicity and clastogenicity of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in L5178Y/TK^<+/-> -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells
-
HARRINGTON-BROCK K.
Mutat. Res. 348, 105-110, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
64
- Human cell mutagenicity of chlorinated and unchlorinated water and the disinfection byproduct 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)
-
WOODRUFF N. W.
Mutat. Res. 495, 157-168, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
65
- PM2 DNA damage induced by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)
-
HYTTINEN J. M.
Mutat. Res. 348, 183-186, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
66
- Mucochloric acid action on ΦX174 DNA : a comparison to other chlorine-substituted 2(5H)-furanones
-
LALONDE R. T.
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10, 205-210, 1997
Cited by (1)
-
67
- Induction of genotoxic effects by chlorohydroxyfuranones, byproducts of water disinfection, in E. coli K-12 cells recovered fromvarious organs of mice
-
FEKADU K.
Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 24, 317-324, 1994
Cited by (1)
-
68
- DNA strand breaks induced in cultured human and rodent cells by chlorohydroxyfuranones-mutagens isolated from drinking water
-
CHANG L. W.
Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 11, 103-114, 1991
Cited by (1)
-
69
- Induction of DNA strand breaks by 3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and humic substances in relation to glutathione and calcium status in human white blood cells
-
NUNN J. W.
Mutat. Res. 341, 133-140, 1994
Cited by (1)
-
70
- Genotoxic effects of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX) in mammalian cells in vitro and in rats in vivo
-
BRUNBORG G.
Mutat. Res. 260, 55-64, 1991
Cited by (1)
-
71
- DNA damage induced by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX) in HL-60 cells and purified DNA in vitro
-
MARSTEINSTREDET U.
Mutat. Res. 390, 171-178, 1997
Cited by (1)
-
72
- DNA damage induced by the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 [5H]-furanone (MX) in mammalian cells in vitro and in mice
-
HOLME J. A.
Mutat. Res. 441, 145-153, 1999
Cited by (1)
-
73
- Comparable DNA and chromosome damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells by chlorohydroxyfuranones
-
MAKI-PAAKKANEN J.
Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38, 297-305, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
74
- Detection of DNA strand breaks in isolated mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) digestive gland cells using the "Comet" assay
-
MITCHELMORE C. L.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 41, 51-58, 1998
Cited by (1)
-
75
- Cytogenetic effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in rat peripheral lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo
-
JANSSON K.
Mutat. Res. 229, 25-28, 1993
Cited by (3)
-
76
- Production of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rodent hepatocytes in vitro, but not in vivo, by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX)
-
NUNN J. W.
Mutat. Res. 373, 67-73, 1997
Cited by (1)
-
77
- Genotoxic activity of chlorohydroxyfuranones in the microscale micronucleus test on mouse lymphoma cells and the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay in rat hepatocytes
-
LE CURIEUX F.
Mutagenesis 14, 457-462, 1999
Cited by (1)
-
78
- Apoptosis in HL-60 cells induced by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX).
-
MARSTEINSTREDET U.
Chem. Biol. Interact. 106, 89-118, 1997
DOI Cited by (2)
-
79
- Enhancement of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced neoplastic transformation by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in the two-stage transformation assay in C3H 10T1/2 cells
-
LAAKSONEN M.
Arch. Toxicol. 75, 613-617, 2001
Cited by (1)
-
80
- Potential teratogenicity of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in micromass in vitro test
-
TERAMOTO S.
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A 53, 607-614, 1998
Cited by (3)
-
81
- Detection of in vivo genotoxicity of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in multiple mouse organs
-
SASAKI Y. F.
Mutat Res 393(1-2), 47-53, 1997
Cited by (3)
-
82
- Genotoxicity and cell proliferative activity of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in rat glandular stomach
-
FURIHATA C.
Wat Sci Tech 25, 341-345, 1992
Cited by (4)
-
83
- Cytogenetic effects in the peripheral lymphocytes and kidney cells of rats exposed to 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) orally on three consecutive days
-
MAKI-PAAKKANEN J.
Mutat. Res. 343, 151-156, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
84
- Induction of gastrointestinal tract nuclear anomalies in B6C3F1 mice by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone and 3, 4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone, mutagenic byproducts of chlorine disinfection
-
DANIEL F. B.
Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 17, 32-39, 1991
DOI Cited by (1)
-
85
- Urine mutagenicity and biochemical effects of the drinking water mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX), following repeated oral administration to mice and rats
-
MEIER J. R.
Toxicology 110, 59-70, 1996
Cited by (1)
-
86
- Lack of induction of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes of rats exposed to 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) for two years in a carcinogenicity bioassay
-
JANSSON K.
Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 32, 185-187, 1998
Cited by (1)
-
87
- Genotoxic effects of the chlorinated hydroxyfuranones 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone and 3, 4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone in Tradescantia micronucleus assays
-
HELMA C.
Mutat. Res. 346, 181-186, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
88
- Developmental toxicity evaluation of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in Wistar rats
-
HUUSKONEN H.
Birth Defects Res. Part B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 68, 172-179, 2003
DOI Cited by (1)
-
89
- Binding of the strong bacterial mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) to bovine serum albumin
-
HAATAJA L.
Toxicol. Lett. 59, 187-195, 1991
Cited by (2)
-
90
- Rapid inactivation of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a potent mutagen in chlorinated drinking water, by sulfhydryl compounds
-
WATANABE M.
Mutat Res 312, 131-138, 1994
Cited by (4)
-
91
- Mutagenicity of chlorine-substituted furanones and their inactivation by reaction with nuclephiles
-
ISHIGURO Y.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6, 935-946, 1987
Cited by (1)
-
92
- Formation of methemoglobin by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, MX, in rat erythrocytes in vitro
-
RISTO L.
Toxicol. Lett. 68, 325-332, 1993
Cited by (1)
-
93
- The toxicity of the mutagen 'MX' and its analogue, mucochloric acid, to rainbow trout hepatocytes and gill epithelial cells and to Daphnia magna
-
ISOMAA B.
Toxicology 100, 69-77, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
94
- Carcinogenicity of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanonein the rat
-
KOMULAINEN H.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89, 848-856, 1997
DOI Cited by (6)
-
95
- 3-Cloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a rat thyroid gland carcinogen, does not affect serum levels of TSH and thyroid hormones
-
KOMULAINEN H.
Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8, 267-273, 2000
Cited by (1)
-
96
- No consistent pattern of mutations in p53 and ras genes in liver tumors of rat treated with the drinking water mutagen, 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)
-
KOMULAINEN H.
Environmental Molecular Mutagen 36(4), 292-300, 2000
Cited by (2)
-
97
- Promoting effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
-
NISHIKAWA A.
Cancer Res. 59, 2045-2049, 1999
Cited by (8)
-
98
- Structure-activity relationships of bacterial mutagens related to 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-franone : an emphasis on the effect of stepwise removal of chlorine from the dichloromethyl group
-
LALONDE R. T.
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4, 540-545, 1991
Cited by (2)
-
99
- Salmonella and mammalian-cell mutagenicity of 3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
-
NIITTYKOSKI M.
Mutat. Res. 348, 51-55, 1995
Cited by (1)
-
100
- Identification of adenine adducts formed in reaction of calf thymus DNA with mutagenic chlorohydroxyfuranones found in drinking water
-
LE CURIEUX F.
Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10, 1180-1185, 1997
Cited by (1)
- 1
- 2
- 1 / 2