<i>Fusarium</i> 属菌の分類学的および生態学的研究

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  • 青木 孝之
    農林水産省農業生物資源研究所遺伝資源第一部

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A taxonomic and ecological study of the genus <i>Fusarium</i>
  • Fusarium属菌の分類学的および生態学的研究
  • Fusariumゾクキン ノ ブンルイガクテキ オヨビ セイタイガクテキ ケンキュウ

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<p>　Based on joint studies with the BBA, Germany and the NRRL, U.S.A., species of Fusarium were investigated taxonomically and ecologically based mainly on Japanese isolates from gramineaceous substrata (hosts) such as rice and wheat. Among ca. 500 strains, 36 species and six varieties of Fusarium, including 2 species and a variety transferred recently to other genera, were classified from Japan. Four new species and seven new records of species from Japan were also found. During the study, 2 new species, F. nisikadoi and F. kyushuense, were formally described, and F. globosum was reported as a new record from Japan. Macro- and microconidia have been traditionally recognized as important taxonomic characters of Fusarium. Fusarium nisikadoi formed long chains of conidia, which were variable in shape, and their clavate conidia were up to 7-septate. A conidial chain consisting of septate conidia was described as a new morphological character of the genus, and the conidia were not categorized well as either macro-, micro- or mesoconidia as defined previously. Four trichothecene-producing strains originally isolated from diseased wheat and a vinyl plate in Japan were described as F. kyushuense, which produced aerial conidia mostly holoblastically. Japanese strains of F. globosum show different reactions in conidiogenesis to light conditions. Under BLB light, falcate sporodochial conidia were typically induced, but aerial globose conidia were suppressed. Their clavate conidia were longer under BLB. Application of both complete darkness and continuous BLB light is recommended as standard light conditions to identify Fusarium species. Environments surrounding the cultivated host plants may affect distribution of Fusarium species. Occurrence of Fusarium species on wheat spikelets and similar structures was studied. With the geographic shift from northern to southern Japan, the species of Fusarium frequently found on the wheat spikelets gradually shifted from F. avenaceum, to F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, and F. incarnatum. Each species of Fusarium may be adapted to a specific environmental condition, even on the same plant host.</p>

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