Anthropometric, Lifestyle and Biomarker Assessment of Japanese Non-professional Ultra-marathon Runners

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  • Tokudome Shinkan
    Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Kuriki Kiyonori
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
  • Yamada Norihiro
    Kitasato University of Medical Technology
  • Ichikawa Hiromitsu
    Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Miyata Machiko
    Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Shibata Kiyoshi
    Kasugai City Health Care Center
  • Hoshino Hideki
    Aichi Bunkyo Women's College
  • Tsuge Shinji
    Department of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Tokudome Mizuho
    Yokohama Rehabilitation Center
  • Goto Chiho
    Nagoya Bunri University
  • Tokudome Yuko
    Nagoya Bunri University
  • Kobayashi Masaaki
    Department of Bone and Orthopaedics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Goto Hideyuki
    Department of Bone and Orthopaedics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Suzuki Sadao
    Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Okamoto Yoshihiro
    Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
  • Ikeda Masato
    Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
  • Sato Yuzo
    Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University

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BACKGROUND: Anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, and baseline biological markers of Japanese non-professional ultra-marathon runners have not been fully assessed.<br>METHODS: We evaluated anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, and baseline biological markers of 180 Japanese amateur ultra-marathon runners (144 males [mean age: 50.5±9.4 (standard deviation) years] and 36 females [48.9±6.9]), and compared them with those of participants in a community heath check-up program and with the figures in the literature. We furthermore evaluated baseline blood indices according to monthly running distance with analysis of variance adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking and alcohol drinking habits.<br>RESULTS: The ultra-marathon runners demonstrated more favorable values for body mass index and bone density, and the proportion of smoking, and undertaking physical activity (for both sexes), eating breakfast (for males), and having daily bowel movements (for females), while greater proportion of alcohol drinking habit (for both sexes), than the comparison group. Average monthly running distances and standard deviations (km) were 257.2±128.9 for males and 209.0±86.2 for females. Male runners possessed beneficial markers, including lowered triglyceride and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and their values showed hockey-stick (or inverse hockey-stick) patterns depending on their monthly running distance. Some subjects running more than 300 km/month exhibited signs of an over-reaching/training syndrome, including somewhat lowered hemoglobin, ferritin and white blood cell count, and elevated creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.<br>CONCLUSIONS: Together with a desirable lifestyle, Japanese non-professional ultra-marathon runners with vigorous exercise habit demonstrated a preferable health status according to biological indices.

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