INTRODUCTION OF RAPID HIV TESTS TO A PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER IN JAPAN AND EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECTS

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  • 保健所における HIV 即日検査導入の試みとその効果
  • ホケンジョ ニ オケル HIV ソクジツ ケンサ ドウニュウ ノ ココロミ ト ソノ コウカ

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Abstract

Objective As an attempt to make HIV testing more accessible to many people, rapid HIV tests were introduced to a public health center. We evaluated logistic issues and effects of the introduction.<br/>Methods In January 2003, the Tochigi Prefectural Kennan Public Health and Welfare Center introduced rapid HIV tests simultaneously with conventional HIV tests. We studied the number and types of the clients before and after its introduction as well as comparing them with those of other public centers. Information on rapid HIV test practices was uploaded on the website, “HIV Kensa-Soudan Map” and its effects were also evaluated.<br/>Results The public health center had performed 130 conventional HIV tests in 2002 prior to the introduction of rapid HIV tests but performed 453 HIV tests in 2003 (250% increase). Of those, 404 clients (94%) preferred the rapid tests. Out of the 404 rapid HIV tests performed, five were tested positive but only one was confirmed to be positive (false positive rate 1%).<br/> The introduction of rapid HIV tests had a negative impact on other sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests. The access rates to TP antibody tests (rapid tests) and Chlamydia antibody tests (non rapid tests) offered to HIV test recipients declined from 77% to 63% and from 76% to 33%, respectively. However, the actual number of these STI tests increased due to the increased number of HIV tests.<br/> Sixty-one per cent of those who came to take the HIV tests referred to the website “HIV Kensa-Soudan Map”. During the same time period, the increase rate in the number of those who took the non rapid HIV tests provided at other public health centers in Tochigi prefecture was 0% and the increase rate nationwide was 20%.<br/>Conclusions The introduction of these tests to public health centers greatly increases access to HIV testing. It was found that the website “HIV Kensa-Soudan Map” was a useful information source for HIV testing.<br/> However, because of high false positive rate (about 1%), it is important to establish an effective pre- and post-test counseling system. It is also necessary to prevent the number of tests for other STIs from declining when rapid HIV tests are implemented simultaneously.

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