丘陵地谷頭部における微地形，土層構成と降雨‐浸透‐流出過程

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タイトル別名
  • Infiltration-Runoff Processes through Soil Horizons in a Forest-covered Valley Head
  • キュウリョウチ コクトウブ ニ オケル ビチケイ ドソウ コウセイ ト コウウ シントウ リュウシュツ カテイ

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The infiltration-runoff processes in source areas provide fundamental information for hydrogeomorphological studies, as well as environmental management of a watershed. This study presents the water movement from forest-covered slopes with layered soil to a stream-initiation point in a valley-head in the hills near Sendai, northeastern Japan. The water movement in storm events is discussed, based on both capillary potential data recorded at three points in a head hollow and runoff data observed at the lower end of the head-hollow. BC horizon is thick in the upper part of the head-hollow, while thin in its lower part. The horizon is also thick in three narrow zones extending upward from the upper part of the head-hollow. One is along the talweg and the two others are hardly traceable micro-topographically. AB horizon is thick in the lowest portion of the lower head hollow, where most of BC horizon is eroded and succeedingly buried by AB horizon, and this structure contributes to the concentration of throughflow to pipes in solum and cracks in bedrock. The runoff from pipes or cracks amounts to 78% of the total runoff in the observation period. Runoff producing condition is estimated by the M-API which means an hour-based antecedent precipitation index.<br>The flow path of infiltration-runoff processes in a valley-head is divided into the following three ways. The first is flow occurring only in A and AB horizons. The second is the flow occurring in BC horizon. The third is the flow occurring in the fractured rock. The partial contributing area expands in a big storm and throughflow only in A and AB horizons exceeds that of other paths. In dry summer season, very little runoff occurred despite some small rains.

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