高密度雪塊の衝撃力特性と破壊過程

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タイトル別名
  • Mechanical characteristics of high-density snow blocks during collision
  • コウミツド セッカイ ノ ショウゲキリョク トクセイ ト ハカイ カテイ

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抄録

This study deals with the mechanical characteristics of high-density snow blocks during collision. Estimating the impact force and impact pressure of high-density snow blocks is necessary for protection against avalanches. We measured the impact force and impact pressure of many snow blocks with densities of 630∼790 kgm-3. Additionally, we observed the failure process by using a high-speed video camera. The results revealed that the maximum impact force increased with the snow density if the snow blocks were under the same conditions of 4.0kg in mass and 3.5×10-2 m2 in cross section. The velocity of each part of a low-density snow block gradually decreased from the collision side. In contrast, the velocity of each part of a high-density snow block concurrently decreased overall. The failure process of high-density snow blocks was similar to that of a brittle material. Therefore, the momentum changes in entire snow blocks were concentrated over a short time period. When a high-density snow block collided at its corner, the maximum impact force was lower than that in facet collision. However, the maximum impact pressure in corner collision was 2-3 times as higher than that in facet collision. During collision, the major mechanical characteristics of high-density snow blocks were believed to be similar to those of a rigid body, a feature that was not observed in low-density snow blocks.

収録刊行物

  • 雪氷

    雪氷 69 (4), 471-480, 2007

    公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会

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