Study on a New Preparation of D-Glucose Rich Fractions from Various Lignocelluloses through a Two-step Extraction with Sulfuric Acid

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  • Thalagala T.A.T.P.
    Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University
  • Kodama Shotaro
    Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University
  • Mishima Takashi
    Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University
  • Isono Naoto
    Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University
  • Furujyo Atsushi
    Research and Development Division, Biotechnology Research Section, Biorefinery Group, Oji Paper Co., Ltd.
  • Kawasaki Yuko
    Research and Development Division, Biotechnology Research Section, Biorefinery Group, Oji Paper Co., Ltd.
  • Hisamatsu Makoto
    Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University

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  • リグノセルロースの硫酸2段階抽出から純度の高いグルコース画分を得る新しい調製法の研究

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Abstract

Preparing D-glucose with comparatively high yield and purity from many kinds of lignocelluloses through a basically unified method is an important technology because almost all of the yeasts show limitative use of carbon sources in ethanol fermentation. Although cellulase is of great interest in the production of D-glucose, the enzyme degradation demands a pre-treatment for loosening the hard structure of lignocelluloses. A typical acid hydrolysis of lignocelluloses digesting directly to monosaccharides is also used; however, the hydrolysate contains not only a mixture of pentose and hexose but also some chemicals inhibiting the growth of yeast. Therefore, representative samples of hardwood (Japanese oak), softwood (Japanese cedar) and annual plants (sugar cane bagasse) were examined in order to look for a convenient method of collecting oligosaccharides from these biomasses employing the concept that high-molecular-weight molecules with hard structure are gradually loosened and then degraded into low-molecular-weight molecules with strong alkaline or strong acid under mild conditions. Potassium hydroxide was suitable for the annual plant but insufficient for wood in the segregation of hemicellulose and cellulose. Concentrations of sulfuric acid for extracting selectively the majority of hemicelluloses from annual plants and wood were 42.5 and 44% (v/v), respectively. Lignocellulose (100 mg) was treated with the concentrated sulfuric acid (10 mL) at 20°C for 5 h under 120 rpm shaking condition. A treatment with 55% (v/v) sulfuric acid of the residual material under the same conditions was appropriate for preparation of oligosaccharides composed chiefly of D-glucose.

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