Substituent Effect of Imino-<i>O</i>-arenesulfonates, a Coupling Partner in Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction for Substitution of the Pyrazine Ring: A Study for the Synthesis of Coelenterazine Analogs

  • Makarasen Arthit
    Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
  • Kuse Masaki
    Institute of Material Science, Nagoya University
  • Nishikawa Toshio
    Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
  • Isobe Minoru
    Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University

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  • Substituent Effect of Imino-O-arenesulfonates, a Coupling Partner in Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction for Substitution of the Pyrazine Ring: A Study for the Synthesis of Coelenterazine Analogs

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Amino(aryl)pyrazines, a key intermediate in the synthesis of coelenterazine and its analogs, can be prepared in excellent yields by utilizing imino-O-tosylates in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. These imino-O-tosylates serve as a substitute for the corresponding imino-O-triflates, which are sometimes too unstable to be stored during the optimization of the reaction conditions. Aryltrifluoroborates, a coupling partner, worked well when arylboronic acids or arylboronate esters were less reactive. Aryltrifluoroborates also worked well when containing an electron-donating group attached to the aromatic ring. The study of the substituent effect of imino-O-arenesulfonates demonstrated a major difference in the rate of the reactions when changing from electron-donating groups to electron-withdrawing groups at the para position of arenesulfonates. Imino-O-arenesulfonate containing a para-bromo substituent only gave the desired coupling product leaving the para substituent of arenesulfonate untouched.

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