加齢および全身性基礎疾患の聴力障害に及ぼす影響

DOI 被引用文献8件 参考文献18件

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  • The influence of aging and generalized diseases on hearing loss

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A number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been considered to have an intricate association with age-related change in hearing. Age-related change in hearing thresholdsvaries among individuals considerably, and part of the variation can be explained by the presence/absence of potential causes. The objective of the present study is to investigate the independent contributions of aging and generalized diseases to hearing threshold deterioration, considering potential confounding factors.<BR>Subjects and method: Of 1534 participants in a population-based study, 1347 subjects aged between 41 and 82 years who adequately completed detailed questionnaires for the present analysis and completed puretone audiometry were selected. Confirmed hearing loss was classified into six types: average threshold equal or greater than 40 dBHL of thresholds at 3 low frequencies in the better ear [type 1] or the worse ear [type 2]; that of thresholds at 3 high frequencies in the better ear [type 3] or the worse ear [type 4]; and that of thresholds at 4 speech range frequencies in the better ear [type 5] or the worse ear [type 6]. Statistical analysis according to sex was performed in order to identify factors associated with the 6 types of hearing loss using a multiple logistic regression model in which the independent variables were age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, renal disease, liver disease, ear disease, smoking habit, and occupational noise exposure.<BR>Results: Age (odds ratio [OR] per 10 years=1.17, 1.12, 1.17, 1.17, 1.28, and 1.15 for types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, in males, and OR=1.27, 1.11, 1.17, 1.14, 1.13, and 1.13 for types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, in females), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR=2.29, 3.67, and 2.42 for types 2, 5, and 6, respectively, in males and OR=3.03 for type 3 in females), presence of ischemic heart disease (OR=3.80 for type 1 in males) and presence of renal disease (OR=5.90 for type 1 in females) showed a significant statistical association with hearing loss.<BR>Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and renal disease may each adversely affect hearing preservation. Aging may, however, still be considered an independent risk factor of hearing impairment.

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