HTLV-1 and the Host Immune System : How the Virus Disrupts Immune Regulation, Leading to HTLV-1 Associated Diseases

  • Satou Yorifumi
    Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
  • Matsuoka Masao
    Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus shown to cause human diseases, such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropic spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Despite extensive study for three decades, it remains elusive how HTLV-1 induces these diseases. HTLV-1 mainly infects CD4 T cells, inducing dysregulation of the host immune system. Recent studies have uncovered the mechanisms of differentiation and function of CD4 T cells at the cellular and molecular levels, extending our understanding of the pathological conditions associated with HTLV-1 infection. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interaction between HTLV-1 and the host immune system, which should provide us a clue to the mechanisms of HTLV-1 mediated pathogenesis. [J Clin Exp Hematopathol 50(1) : 1-8, 2010]

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