Two Severe Tetanus Cases Infected in an Urban Area of Kawasaki City

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  • NAKAJIMA Yukiko
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital
  • SAKAMOTO Mitsuo
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital
  • NISHI Kazuo
    Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital
  • NISHIO Shinichiro
    Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital
  • OOSONE Yasuo
    Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital
  • AKIZUKI Satoshi
    Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital
  • NOZAKI Hiroyuki
    Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 川崎市都市部で感染し，発症した重症破傷風の2 例
  • 症例 川崎市都市部で感染し,発症した重症破傷風の2例
  • ショウレイ カワサキシ トシブ デ カンセン シ ハッショウ シタ ジュウショウ ハショウフウ ノ 2レイ

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Abstract

We report two cases of severe tetanus infection. Case 1 : A 73-year-old non-vaccinated man who fell in a local park developed a wound on the left little finger. The wound was debrided and a tetanus toxin shot given on day 4 following the injury. He developed trismus on day 6 requiring deep sedation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU), with human anti-tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and antibiotics administered. Despite a very severe autonomic dysfunction, he recovered and was discharged mobile after 2 months of rehabilitation. Case 2 : A 37-year-old woman fully vaccinated against tetanus in her childhood had apparently had booster vaccine for at least 20 years and was being treated for hyperthyroidism with thiamazole. She sustained two lacerations on the fingers of her right hand in her backyard. She noticed difficulty in opening her mouth on day 3 follwing the injury and was seen on day 7, for high fever and difficulty in speaking. She was diagnosed clinically as having tetanus and underwent wound debridement, and a shot of tetanus toxin, TIG,and antibiotics. On hospital admission day 2, she developed spasms and her blood pressure dropped drastically. She died the next day due to endotoxin shock caused by other bacteria. C.tetani is widely distributed in Japan, and these cases underscore the importance of maintaining adequate tetanus antibody levels through booster administration every 10 years in immune adults and appropriate post-exposure treatment with tetanus toxin and/or prophylactic TIG administration.

Journal

  • Kansenshogaku Zasshi

    Kansenshogaku Zasshi 83 (6), 679-682, 2009

    The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases

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