Effect of Amelogenin on Bone Metabolism

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  • SAITO Kan
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences

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  • アメロジェニンによる骨代謝への影響

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Abstract

Amelogenin is a major enamel matrix protein associated with the enamel mineralization. Recently,it was suggested that amelogenin may affect osteoclast. In this study, the effects of amelogenin and amelogenin containing Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis were investigated. In co-cultures with calvaria osteoblasts and purified bone marrow cells, amelogenin inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Amelogenin did not have on effect directly on osteoclasts but rather an action on osteoblasts. Amelogenin inhibited the expression of fibronectin lead to down regulate of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), result in osteoclastgenesis was inhibited. Furthermore, 2-Dimension PAGE of EMD followed by western blot analysis revealed that EMD contained amelogenin and BMP 2/4, but not TGF-β . Binding of amelogenin to BMP 2 through heparin/heparansulfate as well as noggin was confirmed in binding assay. Although amelogenin exhibits no noggin-like antagonistic properties against BMP, amelogenin inhibited the binding between BMP 2 and noggin and high density amelogenin reduced the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by noggin. These results suggest that amelogenin effects on osteoblast not only suppressing osteoclast differentiation, but also reducing the inhibition of the BMP by noggin.

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