Proline and Glycinebetaine Confer Cadmium Tolerance on Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cells by Increasing Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Enzyme Activities

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  • ISLAM Mohammad Muzahidul
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
  • HOQUE Md. Anamul
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
  • OKUMA Eiji
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
  • JANNAT Rayhanur
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
  • BANU Mst. Nasrin Akhter
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
  • JAHAN Md. Sarwar
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University Darul Iman Malaysia
  • NAKAMURA Yoshimasa
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
  • MURATA Yoshiyuki
    Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) stress significantly decreased membrane integrity and impaired the ascorbate (ASC)-glutathione (GSH) cycle in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells. Exogenous application of proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) significantly restored the membrane integrity and increased the activities of ASC-GSH cycle enzymes under Cd stress without maintenance of the rich ASC or GSH pools. Moreover, proline offered more efficient protection against Cd stress than betaine.

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