Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Regulate Experience-Dependent Neuronal Plasticity

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  • Miyata Shinji
    Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan Global COE Program for Signal Transduction Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University,Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
  • Kitagawa Hiroshi
    Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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  • コンドロイチン硫酸による経験依存的な神経可塑性の制御
  • コンドロイチン リュウサン ニ ヨル ケイケン イソンテキ ナ シンケイ カソセイ ノ セイギョ

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Abstract

Experience-dependent neuronal plasticity is most evident during a critical period, a limited time in early life, after which neurons become less plastic. Removal of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), components of the brain extracellular matrix, reactivates neuronal plasticity in adult animals after the termination of the critical period; therefore, CSPGs long have been recognized as non-specific physical barriers that limit neuronal plasticity. In contrast, recent studies provide evidence that CSPGs may have specific effects on neuronal connectivity; a sulfation code of on chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains that is specified by specific CS sulfation modifications may encode functional information on CSPGs that regulates neuronal plasticity. During postnatal development, CSPGs form perineuronal nets around parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons, and these neurons are key players in experience-dependent plasticity. Here, we review recent studies on the roles of CSPGs in experience-dependent plasticity, focusing on the relationship between the CS sulfation code and functional maturation of inhibitory interneurons.

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