The Use of Mammalian Cultured Cells Loaded with a Fluorescent Dye Shows Specific Membrane Penetration of Undissociated Acetic Acid

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  • ISHII Sho
    Central Research Institute, Mizkan Group Co. Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
  • KISHI Mikiya
    Central Research Institute, Mizkan Group Co.
  • YAMAGAMI Keigo
    Central Research Institute, Mizkan Group Co.
  • OKADA Shinji
    Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
  • ABE Keiko
    Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology
  • MISAKA Takumi
    Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo

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Acetic acid induces unique physiological responses in mammalian cells. Our previous study found that fura-2-loaded human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells showed a robust intracellular fluorescence response immediately after stimulation with acetic acid, and no such response in the case of citric acid. In the present study, we aimed to identify the unique characteristics of acetic acid responsible for this phenomenon. We found that one such feature is its hydrophobicity. We also discovered that acetic acid induces cell responses by intracellular acidification. Of the components of acetic acid in solution (protons, acetate ions, and undissociated acetic acid), undissociated acetic acid might be the functional unit that penetrates the lipid bilayer of cell membranes to acidify the intracellular environment, thereby inducing cell responses. The method used in this study might be convenient in evaluating the intracellular acidification of cultured cells by acids in the external environment.

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