Distribution of Two Subgroups of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) in Endemic Japan

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  • Otani Masashi
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • Honda Noritaka
    School of Medicine, Nagasaki University
  • Xia Pin-Cang
    Department of International Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), the Global Center of Excellence, Nagasaki University
  • Eguchi Katsuyuki
    Department of International Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), the Global Center of Excellence, Nagasaki University
  • Ichikawa Tatsuki
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • Watanabe Toshiki
    Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo
  • Yamaguchi Kazunari
    Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Nakao Kazuhiko
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
  • Yamamoto Taro
    Department of International Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), the Global Center of Excellence, Nagasaki University

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Abstract

Endemic areas of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) have been reported in Japan as well as tropical Africa, Central and South America and Melanesia. The existence of two subgroups, i.e., the transcontinental and Japanese subgroups, was reported in Japan. In the present study, we provide data on the ratio of the two subgroups in each endemic area and infection foci and examine the distribution of HTLV-1 in Japan and neighboring areas. A 657 bp fragment of env region of HTLV-1 proviral genome was successfully amplified for 183 HTLV-1 positive DNA samples. The subgroup determination was done by RFLP reactions using endonucleases HpaI and HinfI. The northern part of mainland Kyushu, represented by Hirado and Kumamoto, was monopolized by the Japanese subgroup, while the transcontinental subgroup ranged from 20 to 35% in the Pacific coast areas of Shikoku (Kochi), the Ryukyu Archipelago (Kakeroma and Okinawa) and Taiwan. An interesting finding in the present study is the presence of the transcontinental subgroup in Kochi, suggesting the endemicity of the transcontinental subgroup along the Kuroshio Current.

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