Regions of Unusually High Flexibility Occur Frequently in Human Genomic DNA

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  • KIMURA Hajime
    Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
  • KAGEYAMA Dai
    Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
  • FURUYA Mika
    Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
  • SUGIYAMA Shigeru
    Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, National Food Research Institute
  • MURATA Noboru
    Major in Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
  • OHYAMA Takashi
    Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University

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Remarkable progress has been made in genome science during the past decade, but understanding of genomes of eukaryotes is far from complete. We have created DNA flexibility maps of the human, mouse, fruit fly, and nematode chromosomes. The maps revealed that all of these chromosomes have markedly flexible DNA regions (We named them SPIKEs). SPIKEs occur more frequently in the human chromosomes than in the mouse, fruit fly, and nematode chromosomes. Markedly rigid DNA regions (rSPIKEs) are also present in these chromosomes. The ratio of the number of SPIKEs to the total number of SPIKEs and rSPIKEs correlated positively with evolutionary stage among the organisms. Repetitive DNA sequences with flexible and rigid properties contribute to the formation of SPIKEs and rSPIKEs respectively. However, non-repetitive flexible and rigid sequences appear to play a major role in SPIKE and rSPIKE formation respectively. They might be involved in the genome-folding mechanism of eukaryotes.

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