Studies on the breeding of genus Coix. V : Genic segregation in F_2 generation between Hatomugi (Coix Ma-yuen ROMAN.) and Juzudama (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.)(Agriculture)

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  • Coix 属の改良に関する育種学的研究 V : ハトムギとジュズダマの雑種 F_2 における遺伝的分離(農学部門)

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Abstract

The present paper deals with the investigation on the genic segregation in the F_2 generation between Hatomugi (Coix Ma-yuen ROMAN.) and Juzudama (C. Lacryma-Jobi L.). On the heading date, all F_2 plants were segregated in two groups of early and late maturity. The ratio of early and late maturity in the F_2 plants was 52 to 285. So the author presume that the maturity is determined by 3 gene and the late maturity is owing to the 2 or 3 dominant genes. Generally the variations of chracters in F_2 plants were larger than both parents and F_1 plant, but the mean values of plant height, number of tillering and plant weight of F_2 plants were heigher than parents. In the main characters except pollen and seed fertility, there are no significant difference between two combinations of crossing. In the crossing of Hatomugi×Juzudama the coefficients of variation of many characters were lower than reciprocal crossing. Phenotypical and genetic correlation were calculated chiefly between plant height and the other characters. In this result, high correlation was recognized between plant height and leaf length, plant weight, pollen fertility and heading date and between leaf lengtn and leaf width, as positive respectively, but to the number of tillering as negative. The vigorous type for plant height was not recognized in all plants belong early maturity group. The inheritance of qualitative character in this crossing was observed to the stigma colour and seed characters. The stigma colour shows clear red-violet in F_1 plants though both parents have white stigma. The colour of seed coat of Hatomugi, Juzudama and F_1 are brown, white spot on black ground and brown and green stripes respectively, and solidity of seed coat are soft, hard and hard respectively. From results of segregation in F_2 plants the author determined on the genotypes of stigma colour and seed characters as follows. Hatomugi…MMll, jj. Juzudama…mmLL, JJ. (M and L are complemantary factors for stigma colour and J is complete dominance for solidity of seed coat and incomplete dominance for colour of seed coat.) The linkage between some quantitative characters and seed coat colour or stigma colour shows no remarkable tendency, but F_2 plants which have F_1 colour in seed coat were superior than the others for plant height and leaf length. In the stigma colour, the plants which have redviolet were superior than the plants which have white stigma for plant height, number of tillering and leaf length, but inferior for pollen and seed fertility. In our country, Hatomugi is annual plant but Juzudama and its F_1 plant are hibernant plant. The hibernation ability of the F_2 plants belong early maturity group and dwarf type was inferior to the plants of late maturity and Juzudama or F_1 types. From these experimental results, for the improvement of genus Coix, it will be most significant to breed the lines of vigorous types for plant height in the progeny of interspecific hybridization between Hatomugi and Juzudama.

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