顎関節の骨液解析:顎関節症患者からのNitricOxideとインターロイキン1βの検出

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  • Synovial fluid analysis of temporomandibular joint:Detection of nitric oxide and interleukin-1 β in patients with temporomandibular disorders

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近年, 顎関節症内障や変形性顎関節症患者の関節の病態形成に, 滑膜炎などの炎症が関与していることが示唆されている。関節疾患においては, 炎症性サイトカインや, Nitric Oxide(一酸化窒素, 以下NO)などの病態形成への関与が考えられており, 本研究では, 顎関節の滑液解析より, NOとインターロイキン(IL)-1βの濃度と臨床症状との関連について検討した。対象としては, パンピングマニピュレーションを行った患者53症例67関節, および健常者6症例10関節の計58症例77関節である。顎関節滑液は希釈法により採取し, 滑液中のnitrite(NO_2)濃度をChemiluminescence assayにて測定し, NO濃度として示し, IL-1β濃度はELISA法により測定し, 以下の結果を得た。1.顎関節滑液中のNO濃度は, 健常人ではほとんど検出されなかったが, 顎関節症患者の関節では有意に高値を示した。2.顎関節滑液中のIL-1β濃度は, 健常人ではいずれも検出限界以下であったが, 顎関節症患者の関節の約3割で認められた。3.NOは疼痛を有する関節で高い傾向が認められた。またIL-1βは無痛関節からは検出されず, 疼痛との関連が認められた。4.NOとIL-1β濃度との間には, 極めて強い相関(r=0.893)が認められた。以上の結果より, 顎関節の滑液中のNOおよびIL-1βは患者の顎関節内の病態マーカーと成りうる可能性が示唆された。

Recently, many lines of evidence suggest that inflammation, such as synvitis, is involved in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), especially in internal derangement (ID) and osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Because proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxde are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of arthropathies in other joints, we investigated the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-lβ in relation to pain in the joint area. Sixty-seven joints of 52 patients with ID and OA of the TMJ and 10 joints of 6 asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled. The levels of nitrites (NO_2) in synovial fluids (SF) were measured by chemiluminescence assay and expressed as NO, and those of IL-Iβ were assayed by ELISA. The results were as follows : 1. Measurable levels of nitrites in SF were found in most patients with TMD ; the detection rate was significantly higher than that in the control group. 2. Measurable levels of IL-1β were found in SF in approximately 30% of the joints in patients with TMD, while none of IL-1β was detectable in the control group. 3. The levels of NO were higher in painful joints than in pain-free joints. IL-1β was detectable only in painful joints, and not in pain-free joints. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between detection of IL-1β and pain in the joint area.4. There was a strong positive correlation between the levels of NO and IL-1β. These data suggest that NO and IL-1β may act as intraarticular markers of TMJ diseases.

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