Effects of Soil Properties on Evaporation and Soil Moisture Movement at a Playa under Arid Conditions

乾燥期のプラヤにおける土壌特性が蒸発および土壌水分移動に及ぼす影響 [in Japanese] Effects of Soil Properties on Evaporation and Soil Moisture Movement at a Playa under Arid Conditions [in Japanese]

- 山中勤 YAMANAKA Tsutomu
- 広島大学総合科学部 Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
- 嶋田純 SHIMADA Jun
- 筑波大学地球科学系 Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba
- 谷口真人 TANIGUCHI Makoto
- 奈良教育大学地学教室 Department of Earth Sciences, Nara University of Education

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Author(s)

- 山中勤 YAMANAKA Tsutomu
- 広島大学総合科学部 Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
- 嶋田純 SHIMADA Jun
- 筑波大学地球科学系 Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba
- 谷口真人 TANIGUCHI Makoto
- 奈良教育大学地学教室 Department of Earth Sciences, Nara University of Education

Abstract

乾燥地域の水循環システムにおいて,プラヤはしばしば,広大な内陸盆地の排水径路の末端として機能する.プラヤの土壌は,その細粒性と高い塩分含量によって特徴づけられる.本稿では,西オーストラリアArrow Lakeにおける一つの事例を提示し,乾燥期のプラヤが持つ水損失機能をプラヤ固有の土壌特性からもたらされる水分動態の特異性という観点から議論する.微気象観測および(安定同位体分析を含む)土壌水の水質分析の結果から,蒸発および土壌水分移動に関する二つの特異性が示された.一つは,液状水輸送から水蒸気輸送への移行が,乾燥表層下部境界からその上方にかけた比較的幅広い領域において,緩やかになされていることである.このような特徴は粗粒土壌では認められず,プラヤ土壌の細粒性に起因するものと思われる.また,もう一つは,乾燥表層内の湿度低下が,土壌水分の減少のみでなく,塩類集積に伴う土壌水の浸透ポテンシヤルの低下によっても引き起こされていることである.これら2点の特徴のうち,前者は水損失の持続性をもたらすが,後者は水損失の量を減じる方向に働く.したがって,乾燥期のプラヤは,その固有の土壌特性ゆえに,低能力ではあるが,持続的な水損失機能を有しているといえる.

In the hydrological cycle over arid region, playas are often the end of extensive internal drainage systems. The soil of the playa is characterized by its fine texture and high salinity. This paper presents a case study of Arrow Lake, Western Australia, and discusses the water loss function of the playa from the aspect of the peculiarity of water dynamics derived from the unique soil properties of the playa. The results of micrometeorological observations and water quality analysis (including stable isotopic analysis) of the soil water showed two peculiarities in the characteristics of evaporation and soil moisture movement. One is that the change in the phase of moisture transport from liquid to vapor occurred gradually above the bottom boundary of the dry surface layer (DSL) due to the fine texture of the soil, and the other is that the reduction in relative humidity in the DSL was enhanced by high salinity. The former gives the playa sustainability in the water loss process, but the latter acts to reduce the water loss to some extent.

Journal

Geographical review of Japan, Series B.

Geographical review of Japan, Series B. 72(4), 215-226, 1999-04-01

The Association of Japanese Geographers

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乾燥期のプラヤにおける土壌特性が蒸発および土壌水分移動に及ぼす影響 [in Japanese] Effects of Soil Properties on Evaporation and Soil Moisture Movement at a Playa under Arid Conditions [in Japanese]

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