広腰亜目の研究

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タイトル別名
  • Studies on Symphyta
  • コウヨウ アモク ノ ケンキュウ 10
  • X. Studies on the Bioloby of Two Japanese Pamphilid-sawflies Fed on Japanese Cherry-trees
  • X. サクラを加害するヒラタハバチ2種の生活史

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This paper deals with the observations on the life-history and biology of two Pamphilid-sawflies, Pamphilius volatilis (SMITH, 1874) and Neurotoma iridescens (ANDRÉ, 1882), pests of cherry-trees in Japan. The observations were made mainly in 1955∼1956 in Sasayama district of Hyogo Prefecture and the data are summarized as follows:<br>Pamphilius volatilis<br>The adults appear during the period from the middle of April to the beginning of May. The male lives for a week and the female three weeks. The egg period takes about 11 days, the larval period about 22 days, the prepupal period about 10 months and the pupal period about 17 days.<br>The female lays her eggs in a group, consisted of about 8 eggs, between 2nd and 4th interveinal parts of the underside of a leaf about 2 meters above the ground.<br>The larva has 4 moults in both sexes. A group of hatched larvae cooperate with themselves in making a large leaf roll on the leaf-edge by means of their threads, but growing mature they divide into 2 or 3 groups on different leaves. The full grown larva, as soon as it stops to lay threads, falls down to the ground and burrows to considerable depth, about 30cm, where it makes its pupal chamber.<br>Two species of cherry-trees, Prunus yedoensis MATS. and P. Jamasakura SIEB., are recognized as the food plants, judging from the host-selecting experiments on both adults and larvae.<br>No parasite could be found, but 5 species of the spiders belonging to the genera Clubiona, Misumena and Argiop, were observed attacking the larvae.<br>Neurotoma iridescens<br>The adults emerge a few days later than the former species. The male is active for about 9 days and the female about 26 days. The incubation period is about 2 weeks and the larval period about 25 days. The prepupal stage requires about 10 months and pupal stage about 2 weeks under the ground.<br>The female lays her eggs in a mass of about 25 eggs on the mid-rib of the underside of a leaf, about 5∼7 meters above the ground.<br>The larva has 5 moults in male and 6 moults in female. The hatched larvae of a mass move over to the leaf-edge, where they spin a social web feeding together and enlarging it as necessary like a tent caterpillar. They migrate gregariously from one leaf to another or one branch to another by means of their threads. The larva almost always dies when it is separated from the colony. The full grown larva has similar habits to the former species.<br>Three species of Rosaceae, Prunus yedoensis, P. Jamasakura and Sosbus commixta HEDL., are considered as the food-plants, judging from the host-selecting experiments and field observations.<br>No parasite could be found in any stages, but three species of the spiders belonging to the genera, Neoscona and Misumena, and a tree-frog, Hyla arborea japonica GUEN. were observed attacking the larvae.

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