地方圏域における小売構造の変化に関する研究　鳥取県の事例

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Study on Transformation of Spatial Structure of Retail in a Country Area. A Case of the Tottori Prefecture.
  • チホウケンイキ ニ オケル コウリ コウゾウ ノ ヘンカ ニ カンスル ケンキ
  • -A Case of the Tottori Prefecture-
  • ―鳥取県の事例―

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抄録

Large scale retail stores (LSRS) increased fast during the high economic growth period in Japan. From 1970's they started to locate even in small local towns and affected small scale retail stores in adjacent rural areas. By the 1980's their impact was very significant. This study examined this phenomena in Tottori Prefecture in 1979 and 1991. The objective is to examine changes in spatial structure of retail by analysing retail sales and sales floor area (SFA) in relation to location characteristics at local goverments level.<BR>First, Correlation Analysis (CA) was used to analyze the relationship between characteristics of cities and towns and sales of 3 types of commodities, i. e. food, cloths, and others. It was observed that the degree of urbanization and degree of commerce has strong correlation with sales, but the correlation was stronger in 1991 than in 1979. There is no big differences among the commodities examined. Parameters obtained with the CA were then used as variables in Principal Component Analysis (PCI.) . Three principal component (PC) were obtained, representing 97% of the original information. PC 1 is the correlation between degree of urbanization and sales. PC 2 is the correlation between degree of commerce and sales, and PC 3 is the correlation between degree of centrality of cities and towns, and sales. For PC 1, at both periods, food experienced decrease in sales, while the sales of other commodities increased. This means, sales of commodities other than food concentrated in the urban area, while food sales are distributed in wider area. For PC 2 all commodities' sales increased. All commodities' sales decreased in PC 3. It means sales are strongly correlated with degree of commerce and level of centrality of cities and towns. For the cities and towns which had high degree of urbanization, high degree of commerce and high level of centrality showed increasing trend in retail business and the reverse of the above is true. In the objective region cities and towns can be grouped into those with increasing and that with decreasing retail businesses.<BR>An equation to predict the size of the small scale retail store was formulated as follows: <BR>M3j = λPj - μΣiM1i/dbij - vΣiM2i/dbij<BR>where λ, μ, v, b are parameters. Pj is population of city or town j. dij road distance from city or town i to city or town j. M1i is SFA of LSRS type 1 in city or town i. M2i, is SFA of LSRS type 2 in city or town i. M3j is SFA of small scale retail store in city or town j. Along the classical Huff model, the b parameter was fixed as 2. Regression was used to calibratie the equation. R2 obtained with 1979 and 1991 data of O. 993 and O. 989, indicates relialiability of the model. Thus the scale of small retail store in a city or town is mostly proportional to the population of the city or town in which it is located, the floor areas of LSRS and the distances to the other cities or towns.

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