山村社会における同族と親族

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Dozoku and Kinship Systems in a Japanese Village Community
  • サンソン シャカイ ニ オケル ドウゾク ト シンゾク ヤマナシケン ミナミツルグン アシワダムラ コンジョウ ブラク ノ イチジレイ
  • -山梨県南都留郡足和田村根場部落の一事例-

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抄録

1. HYPOTHESIS : It is frequently assumed that the Japanese kinship systems have undergone a change from the dôzoku [a patrilineally arganized group of stem-families] to the shinrui relationship [bilateral kindred]. The purpose of this paper, however, is to discuss that in Japan dôzoku and shinrui have been simultaneously co-existing and operating in a given community. This is based upon an assumption that the internal structure of the traditional or an historical Japanese family called ie has in itself orientations to two heterogeneous types of kinship organizations [dôzoku shinrui]. The ie has dual structures, that is, as aspects of perpetuating corporate, patriarchal family and aspects af elementary family. The former extends to a corporate ie-to-ie group, and the later to bilateral kin groupings. They tend to slave functions in the different social context of the community.<BR>2. Findings : All of 39 families, in Nenba Buraku (in Yamanashi-Prefecture) to 4 ikkeshu groups, ranging from 4 families to 15. Each of the 4 ikkeshu groups is formed on the base of the geneological relationship of families involved. Ikkeshu is able to regard as Dôzoku group. Although the mutual recognition of their descent status as honke & bunke within each ikkeshu is almost clear, the integration of the group as a whole becomes gradually to weaken. Its functions are limited to ancestral worship and to very routinized participation to family occasions. Then, intimate co-operations and assistances in daily life are performed within oyako, and especially, within ichioyako relationships. This oyako is a recognized grouping of bilateral kinsmen and is traced through blood, marriage and adoption. All oyako relations of a particular person are divided into several sub-groupings, based on the degree of kin-relations and significance to the person. Ichioyako is the most intimate and significant oyako to ego and, of course, the core part of kinship organization in the Nenbe Buraku. The range of the most intimate kin, ichioyako, seems to be ego's parents siblings, married children, maternal and paternal uncles & aunts, and nephews within Nenba. On the offinal side, ego's spouse's parents and sibilings, and ego's eldest son's spouse's parents.<BR>The significance of oyako ties lies in day-to-day reciprocal co-operations, in the exchange of advice on various familial affairs, in the atttendance on the ceremonial occasions and the crisis of life, and in the assistances of house construction or roof-thatching, etc. The oyako's participation in these activities is formailzed and bound by the elaborate and firm obiligations.<BR>Now, these formalized practices and behavior patterns of oyako, especially, of ichioyako, I think, dose not develop recently with the weakening of dôzoku ties, but these have continued for a fairly long time in Nenba as one of the most important institutionalized social patterns.

収録刊行物

  • 社会学評論

    社会学評論 19 (2), 22-41,113, 1968

    日本社会学会

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