Comparison of Berry Set between Flower Clusters Formed on Primary and Secondary Shoots of 'Kyoho' Grape.

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  • ブドウ‘巨峰’の一番枝および二番枝に着生した花穂の結実性の比較
  • ブドウ キョホウ ノ イチバン シ オヨビ ニバン シ ニ チャクセイ シタ カスイ ノ ケツジツセイ ノ ヒカク

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Abstract

Differences in berry set between primary flower clusters formed on primary shoots and secondary flower clusters formed on lateral shoots of 'Kyoho' grape were investigated. The set was examined in relation to : a) developmental stages of florets, pollen, and ovaries, b) activities of pollen tube growth inhibitors in pistils, c) endogenous plant hormones in florets, and d) growth of pollen tube in the pistils. The sizes of florets and pistils in secondary flower clusters at anthesis were smaller than those in primary flower clusters. This difference was related to the suppression of cell division in pericarps in flowers of the secondary clusters. However, there was no significant difference in ovule size. Pollen from florets of secondary flower clusters was smaller, but the percent germination on agar was higher than that from florets of primary flower clusters. The percent berry set, the number of seeded berries per cluster, and seeds per berry in secondary flower clusters were significantly higher than those in primary flower clusters. Compared to florets of secondary flowers, the levels of IAA and cytokinin tended to be higher in florets of primary flower clusters, whereas the levels of GA and ABA were always lower. Water soluble inhibitors of pollen tube growth in pistils of primary cluster florets were higher than those in the secondary flowers. Thus, the growth of pollen tubes in pistils of primary flower clusters was slower than in that of secondary flower clusters, so that no tube reached the micropyles of ovaries of primary flowers within 24 hr after pollination. From these findings, we attribute the increase in berry set of secondary flower clusters to : 1) the low levels of IAA and cytokinin, 2) high concentrations of ABA and GA in florets and pollen tube growth inhibitors in the pistils.

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