教員養成

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  • Some Problems about the Teacher Training System
  • キョウイン ヨウセイ

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After the World War II, the teacher training system in Japan was reorganized and all of the higher education institutions including junior colleges were authorized to issue the centif icate for teacher under the condition to claim students a few units for the professional studies of the principle of education and educational psychology, and a few weeks for teaching practice. This system is called “open system”. Besides this open system, however, teacher training colleges still exist and have supplied most of teachers in the elementary schools and some in the lower secondary schools.<BR>This open system has been criticized mainly by governmental committees, for instance, Central Advisory Committee for Education and Advisory Committee for Teacher Training System, because of the overissue of teacher's certificates and the loose and less substantial training of teachers.<BR>Although Governmental Committees have tried several times to level up and to make strict the minimum standard of certification, these trials have always failed with the opposition of various interest groups including teacher's unions.<BR>They have insisted that those reforms should lead to increase of the governmental control over the higher education, to less opportunities for students of universities and colleges other than teacher training colleges to obtain certificates for teachers, and as a result to the revival of the normal school in the pre-war period, which had been under the strict governmental jurisdiction.<BR>The main problem seems to find how to coordinate the contradictory interests between teacher training college and other institutions of higher education by avoiding the governmental control over the higher education, especially over the teacher training colleges.

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