Real-time measurement of frozen gait in patient with parkinsonism using a sensor-controlled walker

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  • Tanioka Tetsuya
    Department of Community & Psychiatric Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokushima
  • Kai Yoshihiro
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University
  • Matsuda Takuya
    Course of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology
  • Inoue Yoshio
    Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology
  • Sugawara Kenichi
    School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Social Work, Kanagawa University of Human Services
  • Takasaka Yoichiro
    Psychiatry and Neurology, Hosogi Unity Hospital
  • Tsubahara Akio
    Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School
  • Matsushita Yasuko
    Department of Community & Psychiatric Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokushima
  • Nagamine Isao
    Department of Community & Psychiatric Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokushima
  • Tada Toshiko
    Department of Community & Psychiatric Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokushima
  • Hashimoto Fumiko
    Department of Community & Psychiatric Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokushima

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Patients with Parkinson’s disease develop gait disturbances. Although the use of walkers is very effective for maintaining locomotive ability, patients who have symptoms such as frozen gait (FG) and festinating gait may fall even with a walker equipped with a brake as they cannot use the brake well in an emergency and fail to follow the accelerating walker. None of the studies on walking aids to date have addressed real-time detection of FG or the use of this information for the control of the walking aid, monitoring of the state of improvement in the ambulatory function, or evaluation of the effect of the use of a walker. In this study, we evaluated whether the state called FG, a characteristic symptom of Parkinson’s disease, can be detected by the use of a sensor-controlled walker with heel-to-toe pressure sensors. The following two measurements were carried out in one male healthy and a one male patient with stage 3 Parkinson’s disease by the Hoehn-Yahr scale showing mild muscle rigidity, hypokinesia, and FG. In the healthy subject, the heel-to-toe pressure showed smooth heel-to-toe shifts during the standing phase. In the patient with Parkinson’s disease, the heel-to-toe response time was about 2.4 times longer than in the healthy subject at the beginning of walking, and FG could be recorded as the difficulty in lifting the foot by the toes. Also, when FG was observed during walking, the pressure waves recorded by the same sensors showed two peaks occurring at a short interval, indicating double landings.

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