Pathohistological Study on Age-Changes in the Mandible

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  • Rhee Jaein
    Department of Orthodontics Kyushu Dental College:Department of Pathology Kyushu Dental College

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  • 下顎の老化に関する病理組織学的研究
  • カガク ノ ロウカ ニ カンスル ビョウリ ソシキガクテキ ケンキュウ

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Abstract

A pathohistological investigation of age chages of the jaw bone was conducted with 53 non-extracted mandibles, of 36 males and 17 females ranging from 17 to 84 in age. In order to prevent intervention of the general and local effects to the jaw bone other than of time, the materials for the investigation were carefully chosen. The undecalcified sections of all the tooth regions of half-mandible in each case were prepared. Microscopic observation revealed the following results. 1. Downgrowth of epithelial attachment was observed at an age as early as 17. The maximum age for epithelial attachment locating at cemento-enamel junction was 33. 2. Recession of the gingival margin and epithelial attachment did not necessarily show a parallel relation with the extent of gingivitis and was recognized as agechanges. The gingival margin and the location of epithelial attachment migrated yearly toward the root apex by 0.056 mm and 0.062 mm respectively. 3. The average depth of the gingival sulcus was 0.89 mm, the length of the epithelial attachment 0.88 mm and the length of the connective tissue attachment 1.05 mm. No significant difference of the gingival thickness was observed among all age cases without exudative change or fibrosis. 4. Normal alveolar bone was observed at a tooth region in two cases, one of 17 years old and the othe 24 years old. Horizontal or vertical resorption of the alveolar bone was observed in all tooth regions in the remaining cases. 5. Horizontal resorption of the alveolar bone did not necessarily show a parallel change with gingivitis. A yearly horizontal resoptrion, as age-changes, of 0.06 mm occurred in adults. 6. Resorption of the alveolar bone was mainly osteolysis. Osteoclasis accounted for 17 % of all the resolved lesions and the majority was observed in the areas adjacent to inflammations. 7. Osteoporosis of the mandible was not observed as age-changes. 8. Horizontal resorption of the alveolar bone was observed prior to downgrowth of the epithelial attachment. 9. Narrowing index of the main branches of the mandibular arteries was observed as a change with age. Narrowing index of the small branches showed a little correlation with age, when compared with that of the main branches, a correlation with horizontal resorption of the alveolar bone was observed. 10. Incidence frequency of periodontitis showed a tendency to increase with age and higher incidence was observed in the posterior teeth than in the anterior teeth, and in the lingual side than in the labial side. Based on the histological findings, the aging of the periodontium which plays an important role in pathogenesis of periodontal diseases has been discussed.

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