Quantification of a Very Low Level of Serum Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1(HIV-1) RNA Using Competitive PCR at Intervals and the Clinical Course.

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Abstract

Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomic RNA levels below the detection limit (400 copies/ml) of commercially available quantification kits is possible by increasing the amount of serum samples using competitive PCR conditions. We evaluated disease prognosis in patiets without symptoms for a long period after infection (long-term non-progressor) and patients in whom the virus was controlled to a low level by administration of anti-HIV drugs. For 102 of the 414 serum samples stored at -80°C which showed HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies/ml by competitive PCR using 100 to 200 μl sera, an increase in the sample volume to 500-2000 μl, extraction of HIV-1 RNA, and quantitative detection by competitive PCR was performed. Follow-up quantification of serum HIV-1 RNA from 4 patients indicate that this method is useful in assessing prognosis in the early stage of the disease in patients without symptoms for a long period after infection (long-term non-progressor) and patients in whom the virus in the serum was controlled by administration of anti-HIV drugs to below the detection limit of commercially available quantification kits. Quantification of low level serum HIV-1 RNA was also considered useful as a parameter of treatment.

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