Macroscopic Study of the Functional Significance of the Forearm Muscles in the Giant Panda

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  • ENDO Hideki
    Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo
  • SASAKI Motoki
    Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • NARUSHIMA Etsuo
    Ueno Zoological Gardens
  • KOMIYA Teruyuki
    Ueno Zoological Gardens
  • HAYASHIDA Akiko
    Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
  • HAYASHI Yoshihiro
    Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
  • STAFFORD Brian J.
    Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine

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The extensor and flexor group muscles and their related muscles were functional-morphologically observed in the dead body of the giant panda to clarify the action of the forearm and the palm in the manipulation of the species. The Musculus flexor carpi ulnaris had two developed heads, however, we can conclude that the contraction of this muscle slightly changes the angle of the accessory carpal bone to the ulna. The data pointed out that the accessory carpal bone acts as a supporting post, when the giant panda seizes the object. The M. abductor digiti I longus possessed the well-developed origin in both ulna and radius. These findings suggest that this muscle may function as a supinator of the forearm. We also suggest that the well-developed M. pronator quadratus and M. pronator teres, and the proximal part of the M. abductor digiti I longus and the M. supinator may efficiently contribute to the pronator-spinator action of the forearm, when the giant panda brings the food to its mouth using the manipulation system equipped in the palm region.<br>

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