マーシャルの部分均衡論と生産者余剰

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  • Marshallian Partial Equilibrium Analysis and Producers' Surplus
  • マーシャル ノ ブブン キンコウ ロン ト セイサンシャ ヨジョウ

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We defended Marshall from modern economic theorists' false accusation that he forgot producers' surplus in his proposition of the tax-subsidy scheme. After due attention is paid to Brahmananda's pioneering contribution, we argued, firstly, that Marshall did not forget producers' surplus but merely considered the case of no producers' surplus, in view of his distinction between the supply curve and the particular expenses curve and the long-run nature of the equilibrium considered. In addition to this purely theoretical vindication (rational reconstruction), we argued further more, from the view point of the history of economic thought, that Marshall did not forget producers' surplus in The Pure Theory, which was aimed at specialist readers, but deliberately assumed it away in Principles, which was aimed at more general readers. Finally, in view of the recent rapid development of the theoretical and applied general equilibrmm theory, we emphasize the role of Marshallian particular equilibrium analysis as a heuristic method.

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